To investigate the effects of concentrated growth factors applied in maxillary sinus floor elevation via a lateral window approach with simultaneous implant placement on repair of bone defects and new bone formation.

Maxillary sinus floor elevation via a lateral window approach is the most effective method of overcoming the shortage of bone mass deficiency in atrophic maxillary posterior region. Bone transplantation is considered to be a prerequisite for the success of maxillary sinus floor elevation. Platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin have been used to accelerate bone formation, regeneration, and repair. However, few in-depth studies are reported on the effects of concentrated growth factors on new bone formation.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Loss of one or more maxillary molars in the posterior maxillary region
• Occlusogingival distance of > 4 mm
• Residual bone height of 2-5 mm in the posterior maxillary region, no obvious maxillary sinus separation
• No problems with the lungs, heart, or brain
• Normal liver and kidney function
• Normal coagulation function
• Adequate prosthetic space
• No history of bruxism or temporomandibular joint disorders
• No tumors, cysts and polyps in maxillary sinus
• No acute or chronic maxillary sinusitis
• No acute periodontitis
• No oral mucosal disease
• Age 20-45 years
• Able to tolerate the stress of anesthesia and surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

• Residual bone height of < 1 mm in the posterior maxillary region or presence of maxillary sinus mucosa rupture
• Poor control of complex periodontal disease
• Local inflammation or poor oral hygiene
• Poorly treated maxillary disease
• With severe bruxism
• With temporomandibular joint disorders
• Alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking (20 cigarettes/d)
• Have a history of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in face and neck
• Pregnant
• With coagulation disorders
• With autoimmune disease
• With severe osteoporosis
• With acute maxillary sinusitis
• Unable to tolerate simple surgery because of systemic diseases including severe diabetes mellitus and heart disease
• Unable to provide informed consent