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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| R01AG054425 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Institutes of Health (NIH) | NIH |
| National Institute on Aging (NIA) | NIH |
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This study will address the effectiveness of Family-centered Function Focused Care (Fam-FFC). Fam-FFC is a theoretically-based approach to care in which family caregivers partner with nurses to prevent functional decline and other complications related to hospitalization in older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. A systematic care pathway promotes information-sharing and decision-making that promotes physical activity, function, and cognitive stimulation during the hospitalization and immediate post-acute period. Our goal in this work is to establish a practical and effective way to optimize function and physical activity; decrease neuropsychiatric symptoms, delirium, and depression; prevent avoidable post-acute care dependency; and prevent unnecessary rehospitalizations and long-stay nursing home admissions, while mitigating family caregiver strain and burden.
Older persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are about two times as likely to be hospitalized as their peers who are cognitively healthy. The care of hospitalized persons with ADRD has traditionally focused on the acute medical problem that led to admission with little attention paid to functional recovery. Older persons with ADRD are at greater risk for functional decline and increased care dependency after discharge due to a combination of intrinsic factors, environmental, policy, and care practices that restrict physical and cognitive activity, and limited staff knowledge of dementia care. Family caregivers (CGs) can play an important role in promoting the functional recovery of hospitalized older adults. They can provide vital information, offer motivation and support of function-focused care, and assume responsibility in varying degrees for post-acute care delivery and coordination. Family-centered FFC (Fam-FFC) incorporates an educational empowerment model for family CGs provided within a social-ecological in-patient framework promoting specialized care to patients with ADRD. The intervention creates an "enabling" milieu for the person with ADRD through environmental and policy assessment/modification, staff education, unit-based champions, and individualized goal setting that focuses on functional recovery. In this patient/family-centered care approach, nurses purposefully engage family CGs in the assessment, decision-making, care delivery and evaluation of function-focused care during hospitalization and the 60-day post-acute period. In the proposed project, we will implement Fam-FFC in a cluster randomized trial of 438 patient/CG dyads in six hospital units randomized within three hospitals (73 dyads per unit) to accomplish the following aims: Aim 1: Validate the efficacy of Fam-FFC on physical function (ADLs/ performance and physical activity), delirium occurrence and severity, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and mood; Aim 2: Evaluate the impact of Fam-FFC on family CG-centered outcomes (preparedness for caregiving, strain, burden, and desire to institutionalize); and Aim 3: Evaluate the relative costs for Fam-FFC v. control condition, and calculate health care cost (post-acute health care utilization) and total cost savings for Fam-FFC. We will also evaluate the cultural appropriateness of Fam-FCC for diverse families in our sample. Dyads will be composed of community-residing, hospitalized medical patients with very mild to moderate dementia (0.5 to 2.0 on the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale) and their CG (defined as the primary person providing oversight and support on an ongoing basis). Outcomes will be evaluated at hospital admission, within 72 hours of discharge, and two and six months post-discharge. This study will be a critical next step in delineating how to partner with family CGs to change acute care approaches provided to patients with ADRD so as to optimize function after discharge, and promote delirium abatement and well-being in these individuals. The societal implications of helping older individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias avoid functional decline are enormous in terms of aging in place, quality of life, cost, and caregiver burden. The study findings will be relevant for other areas of behavior change research in acute care, specifically those related to engaging patients and families in health care planning, delivery, and evaluation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fam-FFC | Experimental | The intervention consists of :Component 1- Environmental and Policy Assessments; Component II- Education of Nursing Staff; Component III-Ongoing Training/Motivation of Nursing Staff. The Fam-FFC Nurse will work with the champions to mentor and motivate nursing staff to provide: (a) role modeling Fam-FFC, reinforcing performance of Fam-FFC, and brainstorming about ways to overcome challenges; (b) highlighting staff role models; Component IV Implementation of the FamPath Pathway which includes: (a) information on the admitting condition, diagnostics, treatment;(b) family/patient education; (c) transitional hand-off to post-acute providers; and (d) post-acute follow-up to provide ongoing education and modification of the function-focused care plan. |
|
| Attention Control (Fam- FFC Ed-only) | No Intervention | Education of the nursing staff in participating hospital units (exactly as offered in treatment sites), and education of family caregivers about hospital orientation and reinforcement of discharge teaching (medications/treatments, medical follow-up). |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family-centered Function-focused Care (Fam-FFC) | Behavioral | An educational empowerment model for family CGs that includes a care pathway, provided within a social-ecological in-patient framework promoting specialized care to patients with ADRD. The intervention creates an "enabling" milieu for the person with ADRD through environmental and policy assessment/modification, staff education, unit-based champions, and individualized goal setting that focuses on functional recovery during hospitalization and the immediate post-acute period. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Return to Baseline Physical Function Based on the Barthel Index (Change From 2 Weeks Prior to Admission and Changes at Admission, Discharge, and 2 and 6 Months Post-discharge). | Assessed using the Barthel Index, comparing the change from 2 weeks prior to admission to changes at admission, discharge, and 2 and 6 months post-discharge. Return to baseline physical function (yes/no) was scored as yes if the participant's functional status was the same as baseline, within five points or less than baseline, or greater than baseline. Scores ranged from 0 to 1, with higher scores representing better outcomes. | Change from 2 weeks prior to admission to changes at admission, discharge, and 2 and 6 months post-discharge |
| Caregiver Preparedness | Assessed by the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale with scores ranging from 0 to 4 and higher scores indicating greater perceived preparedness. | Discharge and 2 and 6 months post-discharge |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Delirium Severity | Assessed by the Confusion Assessment Method Short Form with scores ranging from 0-7 and higher scores indicating more delirium severity. | Admission, Discharge, 2 and 6 months post-discharge |
| Behavior |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Health Care Cost | cost equals staff and research nurse time (hours worked and training time) to conduct intervention. | end of intervention at each study site, 12 months after enrollment initiated |
Patient Inclusion Criteria: medical patients who: are age ≥65, speak English or Spanish, live in the community prior to admission to the hospital, screen positive for dementia on well-validated scales (Montreal Cognitive Assessment {MoCA} ≤ 25 123-127 and AD8 >2 128,129), and score 0.5 to 2.0 on the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale; and have a family CG as the designated study partner for the duration of the study.
Patient Exclusion Criteria: mild cognitive impairment (CDR 0.5 without functional or ADL impairments), severe dementia (CDR 3), any significant neurological condition associated with cognitive impairment other than dementia (e.g. brain tumor), a major acute psychiatric disorder, have no family caregiver to participate, are enrolled in hospice and/or have a life expectancy of six months or less, are admitted from a nursing home, or experience transfers to another unit for stays longer than 48 hours.
Family Inclusion Criteria: age 18 and above whose relatives meet inclusion criteria will be eligible if they can speak and read English or Spanish; and are related to the patient by blood, marriage, adoption, or affinity as a significant other (defined as or by the patient/legally authorized person as the primary person providing oversight and support on an ongoing basis); participate, at a minimum, in the initial assessment and development of FamPath; and able to recall at least two words on the MiniCog
Staff nurses (at the conclusion of the intervention at each site) who identify the intervention unit as the primary unit worked, and speak English or Spanish, will be included in focus groups
For the exploratory aim of assessing the cultural appropriateness of the intervention, we will recruit family caregivers who self-identify as black, Latino, Asian and white, randomly selected from the Fam-FFC sample. Approximately 10 percent of families from each ethnic group represented in the study will be approached for consent for participation in interviews. (If theoretical saturation is not reached, interviews will continue until saturation is reached). Additionally, the six nurse champions will be consented and interviewed after the study ends in his/her particular unit/setting to provide their perspective on the cultural appropriateness of Fam-FFC.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Marie Boltz, PhD | Penn State University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lancaster General Medical Center | Lancaster | Pennsylvania | 17602 | United States | ||
| Presbyterian Medical Center |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 39104218 | Derived | Kuzmik A, Boltz M. Dementia Care Partner Preparedness and Desire to Seek Long-Term Care at Hospital Discharge: Mediating Roles of Care Receiver Clinical Factors. Clin Gerontol. 2025 Oct-Dec;48(5):1057-1068. doi: 10.1080/07317115.2024.2388144. Epub 2024 Aug 5. | |
| 38915264 | Derived | Kuzmik A, Best I, Al Harrasi AM, Boltz M. Mediating role of care partner burden among dementia care partners during post-hospital transition. Aging Ment Health. 2024 Dec;28(12):1753-1759. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2370441. Epub 2024 Jun 25. |
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Recruitment was conducted between November 2017-July 2021 in six medical units across three hospitals.
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Fam-FFC | The intervention consists of :Component 1- Environmental and Policy Assessments; Component II- Education of Nursing Staff; Component III-Ongoing Training/Motivation of Nursing Staff. The Fam-FFC Nurse will work with the champions to mentor and motivate nursing staff to provide: (a) role modeling Fam-FFC, reinforcing performance of Fam-FFC, and brainstorming about ways to overcome challenges; (b) highlighting staff role models; Component IV Implementation of the FamPath Pathway which includes: (a) information on the admitting condition, diagnostics, treatment;(b) family/patient education; (c) transitional hand-off to post-acute providers; and (d) post-acute follow-up to provide ongoing education and modification of the function-focused care plan. Family-centered Function-focused Care (Fam-FFC): An educational empowerment model for family CGs that includes a care pathway, provided within a social-ecological in-patient framework promoting specialized care to patients with ADRD. The intervention creates an "enabling" milieu for the person with ADRD through environmental and policy assessment/modification, staff education, unit-based champions, and individualized goal setting that focuses on functional recovery during hospitalization and the immediate post-acute period. |
| FG001 | Attention Control (Fam- FFC Ed-only) | Education of the nursing staff in participating hospital units (exactly as offered in treatment sites), and education of family caregivers about hospital orientation and reinforcement of discharge teaching (medications/treatments, medical follow-up). |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
Overall number of baseline participants is greater than the number started in the participant flow overall number as the overall number of baseline participants includes both patients and caregivers.
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Fam-FFC | The intervention consists of :Component 1- Environmental and Policy Assessments; Component II- Education of Nursing Staff; Component III-Ongoing Training/Motivation of Nursing Staff. The Fam-FFC Nurse will work with the champions to mentor and motivate nursing staff to provide: (a) role modeling Fam-FFC, reinforcing performance of Fam-FFC, and brainstorming about ways to overcome challenges; (b) highlighting staff role models; Component IV Implementation of the FamPath Pathway which includes: (a) information on the admitting condition, diagnostics, treatment;(b) family/patient education; (c) transitional hand-off to post-acute providers; and (d) post-acute follow-up to provide ongoing education and modification of the function-focused care plan. Family-centered Function-focused Care (Fam-FFC): An educational empowerment model for family CGs that includes a care pathway, provided within a social-ecological in-patient framework promoting specialized care to patients with ADRD. The intervention creates an "enabling" milieu for the person with ADRD through environmental and policy assessment/modification, staff education, unit-based champions, and individualized goal setting that focuses on functional recovery during hospitalization and the immediate post-acute period. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Row population differs from the overall population due to attrition, which includes participants who have died, withdrawn, or were unavailable. |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Return to Baseline Physical Function Based on the Barthel Index (Change From 2 Weeks Prior to Admission and Changes at Admission, Discharge, and 2 and 6 Months Post-discharge). | Assessed using the Barthel Index, comparing the change from 2 weeks prior to admission to changes at admission, discharge, and 2 and 6 months post-discharge. Return to baseline physical function (yes/no) was scored as yes if the participant's functional status was the same as baseline, within five points or less than baseline, or greater than baseline. Scores ranged from 0 to 1, with higher scores representing better outcomes. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | units on a scale | Change from 2 weeks prior to admission to changes at admission, discharge, and 2 and 6 months post-discharge | hospital units | hospital units |
|
admission, discharge, and 2 and 6 months post-discharge
Adverse events were not monitored/assessed in the caregiver participants
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Fam-FFC | The intervention consists of :Component 1- Environmental and Policy Assessments; Component II- Education of Nursing Staff; Component III-Ongoing Training/Motivation of Nursing Staff. The Fam-FFC Nurse will work with the champions to mentor and motivate nursing staff to provide: (a) role modeling Fam-FFC, reinforcing performance of Fam-FFC, and brainstorming about ways to overcome challenges; (b) highlighting staff role models; Component IV Implementation of the FamPath Pathway which includes: (a) information on the admitting condition, diagnostics, treatment;(b) family/patient education; (c) transitional hand-off to post-acute providers; and (d) post-acute follow-up to provide ongoing education and modification of the function-focused care plan. Family-centered Function-focused Care (Fam-FFC): An educational empowerment model for family CGs that includes a care pathway, provided within a social-ecological in-patient framework promoting specialized care to patients with ADRD. The intervention creates an "enabling" milieu for the person with ADRD through environmental and policy assessment/modification, staff education, unit-based champions, and individualized goal setting that focuses on functional recovery during hospitalization and the immediate post-acute period. |
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The study was limited by geographic location and attrition due to deaths which is common in this population.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marie Boltz PhD | Penn State University | 215-962-9712 | mpb40@psu.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Jun 8, 2021 | Dec 26, 2023 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000544 | Alzheimer Disease |
| D003704 | Dementia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D024801 | Tauopathies |
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|
Assessed by the Brief Neuropsychiatric Inventory with scores ranging from 0 to 36 and higher scores indicating greater behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.
| Admission, Discharge, 2 and 6 months post-discharge |
| Moderate Physical Activity Level | Actigraphy data, measured by the MotionWatch 8, includes minutes spent in moderate activity. | admission, discharge, 2 and 6 months post-discharge |
| Depression | Assessed by the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia with total scores ranging between 0 to 38 and higher scores indicate more depressive symptoms. | admission, discharge, 2 and 6 months post-discharge |
| Caregiver Strain | Assessed by the Modified Caregiver Strain Index with total scores ranging from 0 to 26 and higher scores indicating greater caregiver strain. | Discharge and 2 and 6 months post-discharge |
| Caregiver Burden | Assessed using the Short Form Zarit Burden Interview with total scores total scores ranging from 0 to 48, with higher scores corresponding to higher levels of caregiver burden. | Discharge and 2 and 6 months post discharge. |
| Caregiver Anxiety | Assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression subscale with total scores ranging from 0 to 21 and higher scores indicating greater levels of caregiver anxiety. | Discharge and 2 and 6 months |
| Falls | Number of falls a week after hospital discharge and 2 and 6 months post discharge. | discharge and 2 and 6 months |
| Hospitalizations | Number of hospitalizations within a week after discharge; number of hospitalizations between discharge to 2 months post-discharge; number of hospitalizations between 2 months post-discharge and 6 months post-discharge. | discharge and 2 and 6 months |
| Emergency Room (ER) Visits | Number of ER visits within a week after discharge; number of ER visits between discharge to 2 months post-discharge; number of ER visits between 2 months post-discharge and 6 months post-discharge. | discharge and 2 and 6 months |
| Philadelphia |
| Pennsylvania |
| 19104 |
| United States |
| Chester County Hospital | West Chester | Pennsylvania | 19380 | United States |
| 37715936 | Derived | Kuzmik A, BeLue R, Resnick B, Rodriguez M, Berish D, Galvin JE, Boltz M. Caregiver preparedness is associated with desire to seek long-term care admission of hospitalized persons with dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2023 Sep;38(9):e6006. doi: 10.1002/gps.6006. |
| 36433792 | Derived | Paudel A, Ann Mogle J, Kuzmik A, Resnick B, BeLue R, Galik E, Liu W, Behrens L, Jao YL, Boltz M. Gender differences in interactions and depressive symptoms among hospitalized older patients living with dementia. J Women Aging. 2023 Sep-Oct;35(5):476-486. doi: 10.1080/08952841.2022.2146972. Epub 2022 Nov 26. |
| 30223870 | Derived | Boltz M, Kuzmik A, Resnick B, Trotta R, Mogle J, BeLue R, Leslie D, Galvin JE. Reducing disability via a family centered intervention for acutely ill persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: protocol of a cluster-randomized controlled trial (Fam-FFC study). Trials. 2018 Sep 17;19(1):496. doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-2875-1. |
| BG001 | Attention Control (Fam- FFC Ed-only) | Education of the nursing staff in participating hospital units (exactly as offered in treatment sites), and education of family caregivers about hospital orientation and reinforcement of discharge teaching (medications/treatments, medical follow-up). |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| hospital units |
|
| Count of Participants |
| Participants |
| Participants |
|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years | Participants |
|
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Row population differs from the overall population due to attrition, which includes participants who have died, withdrawn, or were unavailable. | Count of Participants | Participants | Participants |
|
|
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Row population differs from the overall population due to attrition, which includes participants who have died, withdrawn, or were unavailable. | Count of Participants | Participants | Participants |
|
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Row population differs from the overall population due to attrition, which includes participants who have died, withdrawn, or were unavailable. | Count of Participants | Participants | Participants |
|
|
| Marital Status | Row population differs from the overall population due to attrition, which includes participants who have died, withdrawn, or were unavailable. | Count of Participants | Participants | Participants |
|
|
| OG001 | Attention Control (Fam- FFC Ed-only) | Education of the nursing staff in participating hospital units (exactly as offered in treatment sites), and education of family caregivers about hospital orientation and reinforcement of discharge teaching (medications/treatments, medical follow-up). |
|
|
| Primary | Caregiver Preparedness | Assessed by the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale with scores ranging from 0 to 4 and higher scores indicating greater perceived preparedness. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Discharge and 2 and 6 months post-discharge | hospital units | hospital units |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Delirium Severity | Assessed by the Confusion Assessment Method Short Form with scores ranging from 0-7 and higher scores indicating more delirium severity. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Admission, Discharge, 2 and 6 months post-discharge | hospital units | hospital units |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Behavior | Assessed by the Brief Neuropsychiatric Inventory with scores ranging from 0 to 36 and higher scores indicating greater behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Admission, Discharge, 2 and 6 months post-discharge | hospital units | hospital units |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Moderate Physical Activity Level | Actigraphy data, measured by the MotionWatch 8, includes minutes spent in moderate activity. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | minutes | admission, discharge, 2 and 6 months post-discharge | hospital units | hospital units |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Depression | Assessed by the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia with total scores ranging between 0 to 38 and higher scores indicate more depressive symptoms. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | admission, discharge, 2 and 6 months post-discharge | hospital units | hospital units |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Caregiver Strain | Assessed by the Modified Caregiver Strain Index with total scores ranging from 0 to 26 and higher scores indicating greater caregiver strain. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Discharge and 2 and 6 months post-discharge | hospital units | hospital units |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Caregiver Burden | Assessed using the Short Form Zarit Burden Interview with total scores total scores ranging from 0 to 48, with higher scores corresponding to higher levels of caregiver burden. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Discharge and 2 and 6 months post discharge. | hospital units | hospital units |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Caregiver Anxiety | Assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression subscale with total scores ranging from 0 to 21 and higher scores indicating greater levels of caregiver anxiety. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Discharge and 2 and 6 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Falls | Number of falls a week after hospital discharge and 2 and 6 months post discharge. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Falls | discharge and 2 and 6 months | hospital units | hospital units |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Hospitalizations | Number of hospitalizations within a week after discharge; number of hospitalizations between discharge to 2 months post-discharge; number of hospitalizations between 2 months post-discharge and 6 months post-discharge. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Hospitalizations | discharge and 2 and 6 months | hospital units | hospital units |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Emergency Room (ER) Visits | Number of ER visits within a week after discharge; number of ER visits between discharge to 2 months post-discharge; number of ER visits between 2 months post-discharge and 6 months post-discharge. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Emergency room visits | discharge and 2 and 6 months | hospital units | hospital units |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Health Care Cost | cost equals staff and research nurse time (hours worked and training time) to conduct intervention. | Only participants in the Fam-FFC intervention group were measured and analyzed (i.e., contributed data reported in the table) and were included in the overall number of participants analyzed. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | cost in dollars | end of intervention at each study site, 12 months after enrollment initiated | hospital units | hospital units |
|
|
|
| 32 |
| 229 |
| 0 |
| 229 |
| 0 |
| 229 |
| EG001 | Attention Control (Fam- FFC Ed-only) | Education of the nursing staff in participating hospital units (exactly as offered in treatment sites), and education of family caregivers about hospital orientation and reinforcement of discharge teaching (medications/treatments, medical follow-up). | 60 | 232 | 0 | 232 | 0 | 232 |
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| D019636 |
| Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| >=65 years |
|
|
|
| caregivers |
|
| Unknown or Not Reported |
|
| caregivers |
|
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander |
|
| Black or African American |
|
| White |
|
| More than one race |
|
| Unknown or Not Reported |
|
| caregivers |
|
| Other |
|
| caregivers |
|
| 6 months post-discharge |
|
| 2 month post-discharge |
|
| 6 months post-discharge |
|
| 2 months post-discharge |
|
| 6 months post-discharge |
|
| 2 months post-discharge |
|
| 6 months post-discharge |
|
| 2 months post-discharge |
|
| 6 months post-discharge |
|
| 6 months post-discharge |
|
| 6 months post-discharge |
|
| 6 months post-discharge |
|
| 6 months post-discharge |
|
| 6 months post-discharge |
|
| 6 months post-discharge |
|