Up to 30-40% of the patients may develop bladder recurrance after radical nephroureterectomy for primary upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Bladder tumor needs transurethral resection, which is associated with costs of treatment and potential poor prognosis. Although several randomized controlled trial have shown that prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy could prevent bladder tumor recurrence, the optimal schedule and duration of treatment are unkown. The investigators want to determine the efficiacy of single instillation versus long-term intravesical instillation of pirarubicin for bladder recurrence after radical nephrouretectomy for primary upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Inclusion Criteria:

• clinically diagnosed with upper tract urothelial carcinoma
• have no distant metastasis
• have an ECOG 0 to 2
• expected to receive radical nephroureterectomy

Exclusion Criteria:

• a prior history of bladder or synchronous bladder cancer
• administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy
• the presence of severe complications
• deny to receive cytoscopy
• patients with advanced stage (T4)
• patients with contralateral UTUCs