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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| The Office of Adolescent Health, HHS | FED |
| University of British Columbia | OTHER |
| City University of New York | OTHER |
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The purpose of this study is to finalize and rigorously evaluate Girl2Girl, a novel text messaging-based teenage pregnancy prevention (TPP) program designed specifically for LGB women ages 14-18 years, nation-wide. The guiding theoretical model is the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model, which has been used extensively and is associated with increases in TPP behavior.
An estimated one in four teen women will become pregnant by the time she is 20 years of age. That said, significant disparity in rates exist for lesbian, gay, bisexual and other sexual minority women (LGB) versus non-LGB teen women: Research suggests that lesbian and bisexual teen women are between two and four times more likely to report having been pregnant than teen women who identified as exclusively heterosexual. Despite this compelling evidence that lesbian and bisexual adolescent women are at risk for teen pregnancy, programs tailored to the unique needs of adolescent LGB women are nonexistent. Evidence-based teen pregnancy prevention (TPP) programs targeting LGB teen women are urgently needed.
The Girl2Girl intervention text messaging-based TPP program designed specifically for LGB women ages 14-18 years, nation-wide. The investigators will test the intervention in a randomized control trial (RCT) of 840 LGB teenage women randomly assigned to either the intervention (n = 420) or control (n = 420) arms. Our primary efficacy outcome measures, measured at 12-months post-intervention, will be: (a) abstinence from penile-vaginal sex; (b) condom use during penile-vaginal sex, (c) use of other birth control methods during penile-vaginal sex, and (d) pregnancy.
If effective, Girl2Girl has promise to be quickly and cost-effectively implemented to scale to help to curb the spread of teenage pregnancy among women who identify as LGB.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental: Girl2Girl | Experimental | Girl2Girl is a 7-week teenage pregnancy prevention program delivered daily via text messaging to 14-18 year old females who self-identify as lesbian, bisexual, gay, or other sexual minority. In addition to program content, participants are paired with another participant (i.e., a Text Buddy) with whom they can text throughout the program to provide support; and an on-demand advice line, Girl2Genie, which shares information about sex, relationships, and the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) community. |
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| No Intervention: Health Lifestyle | No Intervention | The attention-matched control arm message content consists of information publicly available online related to living a healthy lifestyle. Content discussed includes: nutrition and sleep hygiene, self-esteem and body image, bullying, and drugs and alcohol. The control arm is 7-weeks in length (Week 7 is a review booster) and is delivered via text messaging. Messages are didactic and not tailored to user sexual experience. Additionally, the Text Buddy and G2Genie intervention program components are not available. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Girl2Girl | Behavioral | Girl2Girl is a text messaging-based teenage pregnancy prevention program specifically for 14-18 year old LGB adolescent females. Content is guided by the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model and focuses on: HIV information, motivations to engage in HIV preventive behavior, communication skills, behavioral skills (e.g., using a condom; HIV testing); and healthy/unhealthy relationships. Behavioral skills content is reinforced using brief online videos. The intervention is 7 weeks long. A "booster" is delivered 12-weeks post-intervention end and reviews the topics covered in the intervention. Girl2Girl content is tailored based upon sexual experience (i.e., whether one is abstinent or sexually active) and whether one is same-sex or dually attracted. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of protected penile-vaginal sex acts | The relative difference of protected penile-vaginal sex acts in the intervention versus control group at 12-months post-intervention | Post-intervention (about 20 weeks after randomization) |
| Number of participants who used other birth control methods | The relative difference of teens who used birth control methods other than condoms (e.g., the pill, the patch) in the intervention versus control group at 12-months post-intervention | Post-intervention (about 20 weeks after randomization) |
| Number of participants who abstained from penile-vaginal sex | The relative difference of abstinence (not engaging in vaginal sex) in the intervention versus control group at 12-months post-intervention | Post-intervention (about 20 weeks after randomization) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of penile-vaginal sex acts during which a condom was used | The relative difference of protected penile-vaginal sex acts in the intervention versus control group at immediate post-intervention end, 3-, 6-, and 9-months post-intervention | immediate post-intervention end, 3-, 6-, 9-months post-intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Intentions to use condoms | The percent of teens who intend to use condoms if they have penile-vaginal sex in the next year in the intervention versus control group | immediate post-intervention end, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months post-intervention |
| Intentions to use birth control other than condoms |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
cisgender / female gender identity
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Michele L Ybarra, PhD | Center for Innovative Public Health Research | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Center for Innovative Public Health Research | San Clemente | California | 92672-6745 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31843216 | Background | Ybarra ML, Parrilla JS, Wolowic J, Rosario M, Goodenow C, Saewyc E. A National, Qualitative Study of Sexual Decision Making by Teenage Girls who are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or who have Another Nonheterosexual Identity. J Pediatr. 2020 Feb;217:177-183. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.10.038. Epub 2019 Dec 13. | |
| 29290373 | Background |
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| Type | Date | Date Unknown |
|---|---|---|
| Release | Nov 11, 2022 | |
| Reset | Dec 9, 2022 |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Jun 27, 2017 | Feb 14, 2020 | ICF_000.pdf |
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| Release Date | Unrelease Date | Unrelease Date Unknown | Reset Date | MCP Release Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nov 11, 2022 | Dec 9, 2022 |
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| Number of participants who used other birth control methods |
The relative difference of teens who used birth control methods other than condoms (e.g., the pill, the patch) during penile-vaginal sex acts in the intervention versus control group at immediate post-intervention end, 3-, 6-, and 9-months post-intervention |
| immediate post-intervention end, 3-, 6-, 9-months post-intervention |
| Number of participants who abstained from penile-vaginal sex | The relative difference of abstinence (not engaging vaginal sex) in the intervention versus control group at immediate post-intervention end, 3-, 6-, and 9-months post-intervention | immediate post-intervention end, 3-, 6-, 9-months post-intervention |
| Pregnancy | The percent of teens who have been pregnant since the beginning of the RCT in the intervention versus control group | Across the 12 months post-intervention |
The percent of teens who intend to use birth control methods other than condoms in the next year for the intervention versus control group |
| immediate post-intervention end, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months post-intervention |
| Doull M, Wolowic J, Saewyc E, Rosario M, Prescott T, Ybarra ML. Why Girls Choose Not to Use Barriers to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infection During Female-to-Female Sex. J Adolesc Health. 2018 Apr;62(4):411-416. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.10.005. Epub 2017 Dec 28. |
| 36753043 | Derived | Ybarra ML, Saewyc E, Rosario M, Dunsiger S. Subgroup Analyses of Girl2Girl, a Text Messaging-Based Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program for Sexual Minority Girls: Results from a National RCT. Prev Sci. 2023 Dec;24(Suppl 2):292-299. doi: 10.1007/s11121-023-01493-6. Epub 2023 Feb 8. |