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The purpose of this study is to compare the acute effect of the use of different thermal modalities associated to the training of passive flexibility of the hamstring muscles in the amplitude of motion of the knee extension.
Context: In the literature there is a disagreement of results and protocols regarding the use of thermal modalities associated with the training of flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Most studies on the subject, used the heat and cryotherapy prior to stretching these. Therefore, the investigators aimed to conduct an experimental study using the therapeutics term concomitant arrangements to passive static stretching these muscles.
Methods: Clinical trial randomized crossover, which will a sample of 42 subjects (healthy young men, aged 20 to 30 years). Were divided into 3 groups (Group 1 passive static stretching hamstrings, Group 2 heat + passive static stretching hamstrings and Group 3 cryotherapy + static stretching hamstrings passive) with 14 subjects each. Where the participants will control themselves, since all carry out the three interventions, only at different times. Each action will be performed every 7 days. Individuals will be subjected to active test of the range of motion of knee extension (goniometer) and hamstring muscle strength (dynamometer).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stretching associated with shortwave heating | Active Comparator | Applying deep heat through the shortwave equipment for 20 minutes, in coplanar application to the posterior part of the thigh associated with flexibility training of the hamstrings in the last 10 minutes of the session, performed by passive static stretching of the hamstring muscles in 10 repetitions of 30 seconds, with a 10 second pause between each repetition. |
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| Stretching associated with cryotherapy | Active Comparator | Cryotherapy application for 20 minutes, applied to the posterior part of the thigh associated with flexibility training of the hamstring muscles in the last 10 minutes of the session, performed by passive static stretching of the hamstring muscles, in 10 repetitions of 30 seconds , with a 10 second pause between each repetition. |
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| Stretching isolated | Other | The flexibility training of the hamstring muscles will be by passive static stretching of the hamstring muscles in 10 repetitions of 30-second , with a 10-second pause between each repetition. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flexibility training with or without different thermal modalities | Procedure | Flexibility training of the hamstring muscles by passive static stretching of the hamstring muscles in 10 30-second repetitions, with a 10-second pause between each repetition associated with or without short-wave heating or cryotherapy |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change of Active Knee Extension Test | Active Knee Extension Test is performed in a standardised procedure and is measured in degrees. | 3 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change of Peak Torque of flexors and knee extensors | Peak torque of flexors and knee extensors is performed in an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex system III), in a standardised procedure. | 3 weeks |
| Change of Passive Resistance flexors and knee extensors |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre | Porto Alegre | Rio Grande do Sul | Brazil |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15970955 | Result | Marek SM, Cramer JT, Fincher AL, Massey LL, Dangelmaier SM, Purkayastha S, Fitz KA, Culbertson JY. Acute Effects of Static and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Muscle Strength and Power Output. J Athl Train. 2005 Jun;40(2):94-103. | |
| 22319684 | Result | Page P. Current concepts in muscle stretching for exercise and rehabilitation. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012 Feb;7(1):109-19. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000084462 | Hyperthermia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001832 | Body Temperature Changes |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D018882 | Heat Stress Disorders |
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|
Passive Resistance of flexors and knee extensors is performed in an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex system III), in a standardised procedure. |
| 3 weeks |
| 9327823 | Result | Bandy WD, Irion JM, Briggler M. The effect of time and frequency of static stretching on flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Phys Ther. 1997 Oct;77(10):1090-6. doi: 10.1093/ptj/77.10.1090. |
| 22885279 | Result | Bleakley CM, Costello JT. Do thermal agents affect range of movement and mechanical properties in soft tissues? A systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013 Jan;94(1):149-63. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.07.023. Epub 2012 Aug 7. |
| 12937509 | Result | Burke DG, Holt LE, Rasmussen R, MacKinnon NC, Vossen JF, Pelham TW. Effects of Hot or Cold Water Immersion and Modified Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Flexibility Exercise on Hamstring Length. J Athl Train. 2001 Mar;36(1):16-19. |
| 16558418 | Result | Brodowicz GR, Welsh R, Wallis J. Comparison of stretching with ice, stretching with heat, or stretching alone on hamstring flexibility. J Athl Train. 1996 Oct;31(4):324-7. |
| 14964587 | Result | Draper DO, Castro JL, Feland B, Schulthies S, Eggett D. Shortwave diathermy and prolonged stretching increase hamstring flexibility more than prolonged stretching alone. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2004 Jan;34(1):13-20. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2004.34.1.13. |
| 21735398 | Result | Herbert RD, de Noronha M, Kamper SJ. Stretching to prevent or reduce muscle soreness after exercise. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jul 6;(7):CD004577. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004577.pub3. |
| 24856792 | Result | Konrad A, Tilp M. Increased range of motion after static stretching is not due to changes in muscle and tendon structures. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2014 Jun;29(6):636-42. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2014.04.013. Epub 2014 May 10. |
| 25603738 | Result | Rosario JL, Foletto A. Comparative study of stretching modalities in healthy women: heating and application time. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2015 Jan;19(1):3-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.12.003. Epub 2013 Dec 11. |
| 24648633 | Result | Lim KI, Nam HC, Jung KS. Effects on hamstring muscle extensibility, muscle activity, and balance of different stretching techniques. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014 Feb;26(2):209-13. doi: 10.1589/jpts.26.209. Epub 2014 Feb 28. |
| 23234265 | Result | Goncalves R, Gurjao AL, Jambassi Filho JC, Farinatti Pde T, Gobbi LT, Gobbi S. The acute effects of static stretching on peak force, peak rate of force development and muscle activity during single- and multiple-joint actions in older women. J Sports Sci. 2013;31(7):690-8. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2012.746727. Epub 2012 Dec 12. |
| 25795108 | Result | Umegaki H, Ikezoe T, Nakamura M, Nishishita S, Kobayashi T, Fujita K, Tanaka H, Ichihashi N. Acute effects of static stretching on the hamstrings using shear elastic modulus determined by ultrasound shear wave elastography: Differences in flexibility between hamstring muscle components. Man Ther. 2015 Aug;20(4):610-3. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2015.02.006. Epub 2015 Mar 2. |
| 20689450 | Result | Chen CH, Nosaka K, Chen HL, Lin MJ, Tseng KW, Chen TC. Effects of flexibility training on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Mar;43(3):491-500. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181f315ad. |
| 22814453 | Result | Nakano J, Yamabayashi C, Scott A, Reid WD. The effect of heat applied with stretch to increase range of motion: a systematic review. Phys Ther Sport. 2012 Aug;13(3):180-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.11.003. Epub 2011 Dec 29. |
| 22459699 | Result | Atamaz FC, Durmaz B, Baydar M, Demircioglu OY, Iyiyapici A, Kuran B, Oncel S, Sendur OF. Comparison of the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, interferential currents, and shortwave diathermy in knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized, controlled, multicenter study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 May;93(5):748-56. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.11.037. Epub 2012 Mar 28. |
| 16558145 | Result | Cornelius WL, Hands MR. The Effects of a Warm-up on Acute Hip Joint Flexibility Using a Modified PNF Stretching Technique. J Athl Train. 1992;27(2):112-4. |
| 11234459 | Result | Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2000;894:i-xii, 1-253. |
| 23290179 | Result | Opar DA, Williams MD, Timmins RG, Dear NM, Shield AJ. Knee flexor strength and bicep femoris electromyographical activity is lower in previously strained hamstrings. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2013 Jun;23(3):696-703. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.11.004. Epub 2013 Jan 4. |
| 16558608 | Result | Garrett CL, Draper DO, Knight KL. Heat distribution in the lower leg from pulsed short-wave diathermy and ultrasound treatments. J Athl Train. 2000 Jan;35(1):50-5. |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |