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This study is a 3-arm randomized controlled trial including: (1) Adventure-based training intervention group, (2) WhatsApp intervention group and (3) Control group.
Depression and stress are obstacles of youth smokers to quit smoking, youth smokers who have positive thinking and less depression exhibited smoking abstinence at last. Adventure-based training could enhance participants' self-efficacy, self-esteem and also improve mental health of children and youth by doing physical activity. On the other hand, previous mobile phone-based studies (e.g. short messaging services or Apps) showed that the mental health of youth had been improved by providing instant response to the subjects when they felt depressed. A paper published recently proved that WhatsApp group could prevent relapse among the quitters. Thus, adventure-based training and social support in WhatsApp group would predict to reduce depression and stress so as to quit smoking in youth.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adventure-based intervention group | Experimental | Adventure-based intervention group included 1 day-camp and will be divided into 2 parts: (1) physical activity such as wall climbing, ropes course etc, (2) health education delivering about the relationship of self-efficacy, self-esteem, emotion and smoking abstinence. The training will be held before the 6-month follow-up. Telephone follow-up will be conducted at 1-week, 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12- and 24-month. |
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| WhatsApp intervention group | Experimental | For WhatsApp intervention group, not more than 8 subjects with same gender will be assigned into a group. Messages about mood and stress management will be sent to the group per week and the group will last for 6 months. It aims to relieve their pressure and emotion by sharing their unhappy things with other subjects. Telephone follow-up will be conducted at 1-week, 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12- and 24-month. |
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| Control group | Other | For the control group, the subjects will receive telephone counseling on quitting smoking at 1-week, 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12- and 24-month. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adventure-based intervention group | Behavioral | One-day adventure-based training will be assigned to subjects and the activities include wall climbing, rope course and health talk on mood, pressure management and smoking cessation. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Self-reported 7-day point prevalence | The subjects will be asked whether they have smoked cigarette in the past 7 day at 6-month | 6-month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemical validated quit rate | Bio-chemical validated quit rate will be conducted if the subjects who reported they have been stop smoking for at least 7 days at 6-month. They will be invited to perform saliva cotinine test (using NicAlert strip) plus exhaled carbon monoxide text to validate the smoking status. | 6-month |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ho-cheung Li, PhD | Contact | 39176634 | william3@hku.hk |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ho-cheung Li, PhD | The University of Hong Kong | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The University of Hong Kong | Recruiting | Hong Kong | China |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016540 | Smoking Cessation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
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| WhatsApp intervention group | Behavioral | A WhatsApp group will be opened for the subjects and we will send messages about mood and pressure management to them and encourage them to quit smoking. The subjects can share their unhappy things in the group. |
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| Control group | Behavioral | Telephone follow-up will be conducted at 1-week, 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 24-month and smoking cessation counselling will be delivered to the subjects. |
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| Change in Depressive symptoms |
A 20-item scale (CESDC) will be used to assess the depressive symptoms of the subjects after 6 months. |
| 6-month |
| Change in Self-esteem | A 10-item scale (RSES) will be used to assess the self-esteem level of the subjects after 6 months. | 6-month |
| Change in Quality of life | A 11-item scale (SF-6D) will be used to assess the quality of life of the subjects after 6 months. | 6-month |
| D008722 | Methods |