Ulcerative colitis is a common digestive system disease, the incidence is increasing in recent years.It is reported that the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis is closely related to imbalance of intestinal flora .Moreover,intestinal mucosal immunity may be related to intestinal flora. Fecal microbiota transplantation as a new technology to rebuild intestinal flora has been used for several disease，but the efficacy of ulcerative colitis by fecal microbiota transplantation needs to be further explored.

Patients who meet the inclusion crit ulcerative colitisby will be separated into two parts depending on accepation or refuse of Fecal microbiota transplantation.Blood specimen from patients will be collected to analysis intestinal mucosal immunity.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. subjects voluntarily participate in the trial and sign informed consent;
2. sex is not limited,ranging from 18 to 75 years old;
3. meet the diagnostic criteria for ulcerative colitis in patients;
4. be able to communicate well with the researchers and follow the verification requirements.

Exclusion criteria:

1. Pregnancy or people who are not to give informed consent;
2. use of major immunosuppressive agents, including the use of large doses of glucocorticoids, calcineurin inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, depleted lymphocyte biological agents, anti-tumor necrosis factor and other conditions; chemotherapy of antineoplastic drugs;
3. decompensated cirrhosis, progressive AIDS and HIV infectionor other serious immunodeficiency disease;
4. use of antibiotics and probiotics within six weeks;
5. with severe complications such as local stenosis, intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, toxic colon expansion, colon cancer, rectal cancer patients;
6. combined with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, liver, kidney and hematopoietic system and other serious primary disease, mental illness.