For all participants, Olmesartan Medoxomil tablets or Amlodipine Besylate tablets will be used as an initial therapy. Other drugs, including hydrochlorothiazide and β-blockers, are allowed, in order to achieve the SBP target. If the target BP level is not achieved during the Follow-up periods, adjustment of drug type and dosage will be carried out according to procedures defined in the protocol.

Stroke is defined as a rapid onset of focal (or global) disturbance of cerebral function lasting more than 24 hours (except interrupted by surgery or death) without resolution of symptoms according to the World Health Organization. The diagnosis of stroke is confirmed by strict neurological examination, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and stroke subtypes are classified including ischemic or hemorrhagic, fatal or not fatal.

Acute coronary syndrome includes myocardial infarction and hospitalization for unstable angina. The diagnosis of MI is based on the following criteria: (1) Patient has cardiac signs and symptoms, such as retrosternal pain last for at least 30 minutes, and not relieve to nitroglycerine during the attack; (2) Electrocardiographic abnormal findings of MI are observed; (3) Biochemical markers of cardiac damage are present.

The diagnosis of unstable angina requires hospitalization for evaluation. The clinical presentation of unstable angina includes: (1) prolonged (>20 min) angina pain at rest; (2) new onset angina; (3) post-MI angina; (4) recent destabilization of previously stable angina with at least Canadian Cardiovascular Society Class III angina characteristics.

Diagnosis of acute decompensated heart failure requires a hospitalization or emergency department visit which provides an infusion therapy for clinical signs and symptoms consistent with cardiac decompensation or inadequate cardiac pump function, such as increasing or new onset shortness of breath, peripheral edema, paroxysmal dyspnea, orthopnea, or hypoxia.

Patients are treated with coronary revascularization by either PCI or CABG due to acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD).

Diagnosis of AF requires rhythm evidence of an ECG showing the typical pattern including absolutely irregular RR intervals and no discernible, distinct P waves.

Cardiovascular death includes fatal coronary heart disease, fatal stroke, death from heart failure, and sudden cardiac death.

All-cause death includes death due to any reasons during the trial. Evidence for death includes death certificates from hospitals or reports of home visit from investigators.

Diagnosis of incident diabetes mellitus includes the following criteria: (1) Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl (≥ 7.0 mmol/dl); or (2) Oral glucose tolerance test 2-hour glucose in venous plasma ≥ 200 mg/dl (≥ 11.1 mmol/l); or (3) In a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis, a random plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl (≥ 11.1 mmol/l); or (4) Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol).

Decline in cognitive function includes sensory disturbance, memory disorders and thinking disorders, which is assessed by mini-mental state examination (MMSE)

Decline in renal function is assessed by any of the following: (1) For patients with chronic kidney disease (eGFR <60 ml per minute per 1.73 m2) at baseline, the renal outcome was a composite of a decrease in the eGFR of 50% or more (confirmed by a subsequent laboratory test) or the development of ESRD requiring long-term dialysis or kidney transplantation; or (2) For participants without chronic kidney disease at baseline, the renal outcome was defined by a decrease in the eGFR of 30% or more to a value of less than 60 ml per minute per 1.73 m2.

Major artery stiffness are assessed by a composite of decrease in the ankle brachial index [ABI], brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV), or brachial artery flow-mediated dilation [FMD].

ABI and baPWV,well-established non-invasive techniques for evaluating obstruction and stiffness of peripheral artery respectively, are considered for the purposes of cardiovascular risk assessment. ABI is the ratio of the average systolic blood pressure measured in brachial/ankle, and an ABI between and including 0.9 and 1.2 is considered normal, while a lesser than 0.9 indicates arterial disease. The unit measure of baPWV value is cm per second.

FMD serves as an index of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilator function in humans and is regarded as a surrogate marker of cardiovascular disease.