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The rapidly increasing mortality and incidence of oral cancer has become a public health major problem in Taiwan. To date, the treatment of head and neck cancer mainly include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, radiotherapy and chemotherapy might have an influence on the patients' diet by causing dismal side effects, including nausea, vomiting, pain, infection, dysorexia, allotriogeustia, oral ulceration and dysphagia, which make the patients more difficult to absorb nutrients. In the previous study, the incidence of malnutrition among the patients with cancer has been estimated at between 40 and 80%, especially occurred in the patients with head and neck cancers and upper gastrointestinal cancers.
In this study, the effect of supplement with L-Glutamine on the nutritional status and radiation-induced toxicity of head and neck cancer patients will be evaluated to improve the patients' quality of life when they are undergoing radiotherapy. When the head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, patients' instructions and nutrient intervention of L-Glutamine are performed to maintain the patients' nutritional status and reduce the patients' diet-related or other side effects caused by radiotherapy. It is anticipated that head and neck cancer patients with surgery and radiotherapy intake with L-Glutamine might decrease treatment-related side effects and hence improve their quality of life when they are undergoing radiotherapy.
B. Inform these patients about the value of this clinical trial in detail, and make sure that they understand all the meanings of each procedure in this clinical trial. Subsequently, the patients who are willing to participate in this study are enrolled after completing institutionally approved informed consent.
C. In order to assess the effect of supplement with L-Glutamine on the nutritional status and diet of head and neck cancer patients with surgery and radiotherapy, the enrolled patients will be divided into two groups randomly. One group is supplied with 10 g L-Glutamine and 5 g maltodextrin; the other group is supplied with 15 g maltodextrin as control group. The patients of these two groups take their supplemental nutrients three times a day, respectively, in a period of time of 7 days before radiotherapy to 14 days after radiotherapy.
D. Meanwhile, the research assistants will monitor the patients' condition carefully by recording their daily diet, nutritional status and side effects caused by radiotherapy at three specific time-points during the whole clinic trial program course.
E. The monitor items of patients' nutritional status include the daily diet of patients before and after radiotherapy by recording 24 hr recall table and food frequency table,(b) the physical examination of height, weight, ideal weight, tricept skinfold (TSF), mid-arm circumference (MAC) and mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), (d) prognostic nutritional index (PNI), (e) biochemistry inspection assessment and (g) complete blood count (CBC).
F. The monitor items of patients' diet-related side effects caused by radiotherapy include (a) oral mucositis and (b) neck dermatitis.
G. The above-mentioned monitor items will be recorded carefully by the research assistants at three specific time-points during the whole clinic trial program course, which are initial point (7 days before radiotherapy), medium point (medium date during radiotherapy) and final point (14 days after radiotherapy).
H. The research assistants will help the patients make an appointment, and let them visit the doctor on schedule. And make sure the patients actually follow up the suggestions and obey the instructions during the clinic trial.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Glutamine | Active Comparator | intake of 5g glutamine and 10g maltodextrin. Oral glutamine is a food additive issued by food and drug government in Taiwan with number 009929.L-Glutamine and maltodextrin are both nutritional supplements. In the glutamine arm: 10 g L-Glutamine and 5 g maltodextrin. The patients take their supplements three times a day during the period: 7 days before radiotherapy to 14 days after radiotherapy. |
|
| placebo | Placebo Comparator | intake of 15g maltodextrin. The patients take their supplements three times a day during the period: 7 days before radiotherapy to 14 days after radiotherapy. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| oral glutamine | Dietary Supplement | L-Glutamine and maltodextrin are both nutritional supplements. In the glutamine arm: 10 g L-Glutamine and 5 g maltodextrin. The patients take their supplements three times a day during the period: 7 days before radiotherapy to 14 days after radiotherapy. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| grade of oral mucositis | Oral mucositis and radiation-induced dermatological toxicity were evaluated during and after treatment using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria version 3.0 (CTCAE v.3). The scoring was done as the patients went through the treatment by the attending physicians. Post-operative patients received planned course of adjuvant treatment of 60 to 66 Gy in 2-Gy fractions to the surgical bed. Patients without operation received definitive treatment to 70 Gy in 2-Gy fractions. | once a week during radiotherapy and once after radiotherapy up to 8 weeks |
| grade of neck dermatitis | Oral mucositis and radiation-induced dermatological toxicity were evaluated during and after treatment using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria version 3.0 (CTCAE v.3). The scoring was done as the patients went through the treatment by the attending physicians. Post-operative patients received planned course of adjuvant treatment of 60 to 66 Gy in 2-Gy fractions to the surgical bed. Patients without operation received definitive treatment to 70 Gy in 2-Gy fractions. | once a week during radiotherapy and once after radiotherapy up to 8 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kaohsihung Medical University Hospital | Kaohsiung City | 80708 | Taiwan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8055014 | Background | Ottery FD. Cancer cachexia: prevention, early diagnosis, and management. Cancer Pract. 1994 Mar-Apr;2(2):123-31. | |
| 11870186 | Result | Adelstein DJ, Saxton JP, Lavertu P, Rybicki LA, Esclamado RM, Wood BG, Strome M, Carroll MA. Maximizing local control and organ preservation in stage IV squamous cell head and neck cancer With hyperfractionated radiation and concurrent chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Mar 1;20(5):1405-10. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.5.1405. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006258 | Head and Neck Neoplasms |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005973 | Glutamine |
| D011878 | Radiotherapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D024361 | Amino Acids, Basic |
| D000596 | Amino Acids |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D000599 | Amino Acids, Diamino |
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|
| placebo | Dietary Supplement | in the placebo arm: 15 g maltodextrin. The patients take their supplements three times a day during the period: 7 days before radiotherapy to 14 days after radiotherapy. |
|
| Radiotherapy | Radiation | All patients undergo radiotherapy. 5 days a week. All patients had a dental evaluation for good oral hygiene prior to computed tomography simulation for radiotherapy. Post-operative patients received planned course of adjuvant treatment of 60 to 66 Gy in 2-Gy fractions to the surgical bed. The course of radiation was initiated no more than 6 weeks after resection. Patients without operation received definitive treatment to 70 Gy in 2-Gy fractions. |
|
| 12122555 | Result | Bauer J, Capra S, Ferguson M. Use of the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) as a nutrition assessment tool in patients with cancer. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Aug;56(8):779-85. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601412. |
| 15128893 | Result | Cooper JS, Pajak TF, Forastiere AA, Jacobs J, Campbell BH, Saxman SB, Kish JA, Kim HE, Cmelak AJ, Rotman M, Machtay M, Ensley JF, Chao KS, Schultz CJ, Lee N, Fu KK; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9501/Intergroup. Postoperative concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy for high-risk squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med. 2004 May 6;350(19):1937-44. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa032646. |
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| 8850213 | Result | Ottery FD. Definition of standardized nutritional assessment and interventional pathways in oncology. Nutrition. 1996 Jan;12(1 Suppl):S15-9. doi: 10.1016/0899-9007(96)90011-8. |
| 19727846 | Result | Paccagnella A, Morello M, Da Mosto MC, Baruffi C, Marcon ML, Gava A, Baggio V, Lamon S, Babare R, Rosti G, Giometto M, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Kiwanuka E, Tessarin M, Caregaro L, Marchiori C. Early nutritional intervention improves treatment tolerance and outcomes in head and neck cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2010 Jul;18(7):837-45. doi: 10.1007/s00520-009-0717-0. Epub 2009 Aug 30. |
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| 3190874 | Result | Westin T, Jansson A, Zenckert C, Hallstrom T, Edstrom S. Mental depression is associated with malnutrition in patients with head and neck cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1988 Dec;114(12):1449-53. doi: 10.1001/archotol.1988.01860240099032. |
| 2080048 | Result | Lacey JM, Wilmore DW. Is glutamine a conditionally essential amino acid? Nutr Rev. 1990 Aug;48(8):297-309. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1990.tb02967.x. |
| 8935435 | Result | Buchman AL. Glutamine: is it a conditionally required nutrient for the human gastrointestinal system? J Am Coll Nutr. 1996 Jun;15(3):199-205. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1996.10718590. |
| 23142924 | Result | Gibson RJ, Keefe DM, Lalla RV, Bateman E, Blijlevens N, Fijlstra M, King EE, Stringer AM, van der Velden WJ, Yazbeck R, Elad S, Bowen JM; Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO). Systematic review of agents for the management of gastrointestinal mucositis in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 2013 Jan;21(1):313-26. doi: 10.1007/s00520-012-1644-z. Epub 2012 Nov 10. |
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| 17334475 | Result | Mahdavi R, Faramarzi E, Mohammad-Zadeh M, Ghaeammaghami J, Jabbari MV. Consequences of radiotherapy on nutritional status, dietary intake, serum zinc and copper levels in patients with gastrointestinal tract and head and neck cancer. Saudi Med J. 2007 Mar;28(3):435-40. |
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| 24665438 | Result | Chattopadhyay S, Saha A, Azam M, Mukherjee A, Sur PK. Role of oral glutamine in alleviation and prevention of radiation-induced oral mucositis: A prospective randomized study. South Asian J Cancer. 2014 Jan;3(1):8-12. doi: 10.4103/2278-330X.126501. |
| 30753262 | Derived | Huang CJ, Huang MY, Fang PT, Chen F, Wang YT, Chen CH, Yuan SS, Huang CM, Luo KH, Chuang HY, Wang YY, Lee HH. Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating oral glutamine on radiation-induced oral mucositis and dermatitis in head and neck cancer patients. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Mar 1;109(3):606-614. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy329. |
| D021542 | Amino Acids, Neutral |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |