FDA approval was not obtained until adult trial completes accrual

The investigators propose to study the safety of autologous mesenchymal stromal cell transfer using a biomatrix (the Gore Bio-A Fistula Plug) in a Phase I study using a single dose of 20 million cells. 20 patients (age 12 to 17 years) with Crohns perianal fistulas will be enrolled.

Subjects will undergo standard adjuvant therapy including drainage of infection and placement of a draining seton. Six weeks post placement of the draining seton, the seton will be replaced with the MSC loaded Gore fistula plug as per current clinical practice. The subjects will be subsequently followed for fistula response and closure for 24 months. This is an autologous product derived from the patient and used only for the same patient.

Visit 1: Patients will be evaluated for eligibility (inclusion/exclusion checklist) and written, informed consent will be obtained. Patients will undergo general exam with vital signs. Patients will be scheduled for a fat biopsy to collect the tissue needed to grow MSC. In the event there is no cell growth from the tissue obtained from the first biopsy, one further attempt will made from a second tissue sample from this patient. However, if the second attempt fails to grow cells, no further attempts will be made, and the subject will not continue in the study.

The subjects will be subsequently followed for fistula response and closure for 24 months. Study visits are Day 1, Week 2, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 52, and Week 104. This is an autologous product derived from the patient and used only for the same patient.

Inclusion Criteria

1. Males and females 12-17 years of age.
2. Residents of the United States.
3. Crohn's disease with single or multiple draining complex perianal fistulae (definition as below) for at least three months despite standard therapy (definition below).
4. Concurrent therapies with corticosteroids, 5-ASA drugs, thiopurines, MTX, antibiotics, and anti-TNF therapy are permitted.
5. All patients should have undergone a colonoscopy in last 12 months to rule out malignant or premalignant condition
6. Have no contraindications to MR evaluations: e.g. pacemaker or magnetically active metal fragments, claustrophobia
7. Ability to comply with protocol
8. Competent and able to provide written informed consent (and assent where appropriate).
9. Must have failed standard medical therapy including anti-TNF agents

Exclusion Criteria

1. Inability to obtain informed consent (and assent where appropriate).

2. Clinically significant medical conditions within the six months before administration of MSCs: e.g. sepsis, pneumonia active serious infection or other conditions that would, in the opinion of the investigators, compromise the safety of the patient.

3. Specific exclusions;

   a. Evidence of hepatitis B, C, or HIV

4. History of cancer including melanoma (with the exception of localized skin cancers)

5. Investigational drug within thirty (30) days of baseline

6. A resident outside the United States

7. Pregnant or trying to become pregnant, or breast feeding.

8. History of clinically significant auto-immunity (other than Crohn's disease) or any previous example of fat-directed autoimmunity

9. Previous allergic reaction to a perianal fistula plug.

10. If adipose tissue is not technically feasible

11. Weight less than 35 kg

12. Allergic to local anesthetics

13. Non-enterocutaneous tracts (i.e. recto-vaginal, entero-vesicular)