The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety and therapeutic effect of ex-vivo expanded umbilical cord blood regulatory T cells adjunct with Liraglutide on autoimmune diabetes.

Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus (AIDM) is a subtype of diabetes mellitus caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the islet, including Type 1 diabetes and Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA). Insulin has been used as a routine therapy for AIDM to alleviate the hyperglycemic status, yet cannot effectively prevent the progressing destruction of beta cells or preserve its function. Regulatory T cells expanded from umbilical cord blood (UCB-Treg) ex-vivo have shown strong capacity to control immune responses in autoimmune diseases, offering a hopeful therapeutic way for AIDM. Glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) analog Liraglutide has been tested in large-scale clinical trial to prove its various benefits for beta cells and glucolipid metabolism in Type 2 diabetes and obesity patients. However, its clinical application in AIDM is not well-defined so far. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential use of Liraglutide with UCB-Treg infusion in AIDM and examine the safety and efficacy of this new therapy.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Type 1 diabetes according to ADA criteria <3 years.
• Age≥ 18 years.
• Positive for at least one of the anti-islet autoantibodies: GADA, IA2A, ZnT8A
• Fasting or postprandial plasma C-peptide more than 100 pmol/L
• Written informed consent from the patient or family representative.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or MEN 2 syndrome;
• History of chronic or acute pancreatitis;
• Allergic to liraglutide or any components in Victoza®;
• Hepatic abnormalities (transaminase > 2 times normal);
• Renal impairments (serum creatinine >133 umol/L);
• Cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease, etc.);
• Presence of anemia (Hb ≤100g/L), leukopenia (<3.5×109/L);
• Presence of disorder in coagulation or anticoagulation, or thrombocytopenia (platelets <100×109/L);
• Presence of acute metabolic disorders; In the case of acute ketone acidosis, with blood ketone over 0.3mmol/L and pH lower than 7.30;
• Presence of any kind of chronic infection or immune deficiency, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis or tuberculosis, etc.;
• Chronic use of systemic glucocorticoids or other immunosuppressive agents for over 3 months;
• Any history of malignancy;
• Female patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding; any female who is unwilling to use a reliable and effective form of contraception for 2 years after recruitment;
• Presence of any infectious diseases, including active skin infections, flu, fever, upper or lower respiratory tract infections; those who wish to participate in the study should keep the infection under control for at least 1 week before receiving Treg product infusion;
• Any medical condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, will interfere with safe participation in the trial.