Bleeding complications after cardiac catheterization have been reviewed previously, but there are very few studies on retroperitoneal hematoma and appropriate treatment of patients is not well defined. For this reason, the investigators aimed to analyze the clinical manifestations of retroperitoneal hematomas in a single center using a case-control study design, to analyze the treatment procedure determinants and consequently to provide an updated and usable treatment algorithm.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Retroperitoneal hematoma following cardiac catheterization

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with retroperitoneal hematomas other than cardiac catheterization and patients with missing file records.

Retroperitoneal hematoma following cardiac catheterization in our institution between January 2010 and October 2016.