The purpose of this study is to prospectively validate treatment benefit of an individualized treatment concept based on molecular profiling (MP) from paraffin-embedded tumor tissue sections obtained before the start of treatment (real time biopsy).

The treatment concept will be considered to be of clinical benefit for the individual patient if a progression-free survival (PFS) ratio (PFS on MP-based therapy / best PFS achieved by prior therapy) will be > 1.0 thus generating a patient cohort with this very property. Thereby, the null hypothesis (that ≤ 40 % of this patient population would have a PFS ratio of > 1.0) will be evaluated with each patient being his own control. For tumor types with high numbers of patients per cohort, the overall response rate (ORR) will be evaluated.

Inclusion Criteria:

Consenting patients of >19 years with advanced cancer fulfilling the criteria of having:

• an advanced malignancy with metastatic spread refractory to conventional treatment
• a life expectancy of >4 months,
• the possibility to access and biopsy tumour material within 4 weeks before onset of individualized treatment,
• a malignancy amenable to further treatment options with either cytotoxic drugs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies or related molecules with anti-proliferative potential to cancer cells, as assessed by the ex vivo analysis and a likelihood of treatment response according to the mathematical model (all outlined in detail above),
• agreed to participate by their signature on an informed consent form are eligible.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of further treatment options, as defined by NCCN guidelines which are available in Austria representing a possible further treatment-related response by conventional therapies according to generally accepted medical evidence.
• No fresh and viable tumor material available.
• Current use of therapeutic warfarin.
• Unresolved toxicity of National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0 (NCI CTCAE v4.0) Grade 2 or higher from previous anti-cancer therapy, except alopecia.
• Presence of active gastrointestinal disease or other condition that will interfere significantly with the absorption of drugs.
• A history of known Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), or Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection.
• A history of known glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.
• History of other malignancy. Subjects who have been disease-free for 5 years or those with a history of completely resected non-melanoma skin cancer or successfully treated in situ carcinoma are eligible.
• Uncontrolled medical conditions (i.e, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, etc), psychological, familial, sociological, or geographical conditions that do not permit compliance with the protocol)
• unwillingness or inability to follow the procedures required in the protocol.
• pregnant or lactating females.
• History of alcohol or drug abuse within 6 months prior to screening.
• No informed consent available.