Athletes in this cohort serve as control subjects participating in Division 1 Athletics at the University of Wyoming. They will be enrolled once they meet eligibility. Upon enrollment, all athletes will have an initial BrainPulse recording. Once a subject from this cohort sustains an injury, they crossover to Cohort II. Also, a matched control for every concussed subject will be selected from Cohort Ia.

Athletes in this cohort are subjects currently subscribed to the Head Health Network. They will have a BrainPulse recording completed every week through the entire season. Similarly, if subjects in this cohort sustain an injury, they will crossover to Cohort II.

Athletes from Cohort I will be assigned to cohort IIa once they sustain an injury other than concussion. They will have been pulled out of the game by the athletic trainer and removed from play until at least the end of the game. Once the subjects have been assigned to Cohort IIa, they will have a BrainPulse recording and a symptom evaluation within 3 days of their injury. After two weeks of recovery, subjects in this cohort will return to Cohort 1 and resume their participation in the study in their respective sub-cohort.

Athletes in this cohort are injured subjects who sustain a non-penetrating head injury and are confirmed to have had a concussion according to the protocol reference standard and by their physician. All subjects enrolled in this cohort are required to have a BrainPulse recording within 3 days of their injury. Each BrainPulse recording will be accompanied by a symptoms evaluation and medical data collection documented in the case report forms. Subjects will complete 3 weeks of follow-up visits post injury.

JanMedical's BrainPulse measures the brain motion caused by pulsatile blood flow from the cardiac cycle referred to as the BrainPulse signal. The BrainPulse measures skull acceleration in response to tge brain motion using an array of sensors placed on the head.

Collect BrainPulse data from at least 15 concussed athletes and matched controls to develop and improve algorithms that can aid in the diagnosis of concussion.

The specific signal patterns observed from confirmed concussed subjects' BrainPulse recordings will be evaluated against the BrainPulse recordings from the matched control subjects.

Compare the magnitude of force measured by helmet sensors from subconcussive hits with consecutive BrainPulse recordings. As such, BrainPulse data on these athletes will be compared with helmet sensor data, baseline cognitive testing, and the initial BrainPulse recording.