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The purpose of this study is to test whether intragastrically infused fatty acid will interact with positive emotion induction and if this effect is mediated by gut hormones.
This study aims at the possible effect of subliminal intragastric administration of fatty acids on responses to positive emotion induction, based on our earlier findings that subjective administration of fatty acid decreases neural responses to negative mood induction (Van Oudenhove et al, J Clin Invest 2011). After screening for exclusion criteria and the participants sign the informed consent form, an intravenous catheter is placed in the forearm, and a naso-gastric tube inserted through the nose. Then the test subject is connected to the equipment in order to record the activity of the autonomic nervous system, via three electrocardiogram electrodes. By using the nasogastric tube we serve a fatty acid solution (Dodecanoic acid, "fatty acid" condition) or a physiological saline solution ( "control" condition) intragastrically. The intragastric administration of low doses of this food ingredient has already been used in several previous studies by our research group and has proven perfectly safe. A positive or neutral emotional state will be induced by the combination of looking at emotional facial expressions and listening to classical music pieces that were previously validated for this purpose; This combination of incentives has already been used in previous studies of our research group. Responses will be measured by means of validated self-report scales and measurements of the vagal tone. We also take blood samples on a regular basis by the intravenous catheter for determination of gastrointestinal hormones, given our hypothesis that this may explain the effect on emotions. After removal of the nasogastric tube, the influence of subliminal administration of fatty acids and emotional state on food intake measured by means of a validated and previously drink test used in which participants "ad libitum" to drink a chocolate milkshake while the emotion-induction by means of classical music pieces continue. Finally, the intravenous catheter is removed.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| positive emotion and fatty acid | Experimental | positive emotion induction combine with 2.g Dodecanoic acid intragastric infusion |
|
| neutral emotion and fatty acid | Experimental | neutral emotion induction combine with 2.g Dodecanoic acid intragastric infusion |
|
| positive emotion and saline | Experimental | positive emotion induction combine with saline intragastric infusion |
|
| neutral emotion and saline | Placebo Comparator | neutral emotion induction combine with saline intragastric infusion |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dodecanoic acid | Dietary Supplement | The middle chain saturated fatty acid that can be widely found in daily food. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| time evolution of VAS from the beginning until the end of a study visit | visual analogue scale for appetite related sensations | -10min 0min 10min 20min 30min 40min |
| time evolution of gut hormones from the beginning until the end of a study visit | -10min 10min 20min 30min 40min |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| evolution of heart rate variability | -20min 20min | |
| hedonic food intake | amount of milkshake drunk | 40min |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Lukas Van Oudenhove, Prof | Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University Hospitals Leuven, campus Gasthuisberg | Leuven | 3000 | Belgium |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21785220 | Background | Van Oudenhove L, McKie S, Lassman D, Uddin B, Paine P, Coen S, Gregory L, Tack J, Aziz Q. Fatty acid-induced gut-brain signaling attenuates neural and behavioral effects of sad emotion in humans. J Clin Invest. 2011 Aug;121(8):3094-9. doi: 10.1172/JCI46380. Epub 2011 Jul 25. | |
| 14749739 | Background | Parker BA, Sturm K, MacIntosh CG, Feinle C, Horowitz M, Chapman IM. Relation between food intake and visual analogue scale ratings of appetite and other sensations in healthy older and young subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 Feb;58(2):212-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601768. |
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Due to ethical rules the individual participant data will be kept confidential.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C030358 | lauric acid |
| D012965 | Sodium Chloride |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002712 | Chlorides |
| D006851 | Hydrochloric Acid |
| D017606 | Chlorine Compounds |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
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|
| Positive emotion | Behavioral | Positive emotion induced by facial expressions and classic music. |
|
| saline | Dietary Supplement | saline |
|
| neutral emotion | Behavioral | Neutral emotion induced by facial expressions and classic music. |
|
| 21750565 | Background | Mayer EA. Gut feelings: the emerging biology of gut-brain communication. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011 Jul 13;12(8):453-66. doi: 10.1038/nrn3071. |
| 17188960 | Background | Mayer EA, Naliboff BD, Craig AD. Neuroimaging of the brain-gut axis: from basic understanding to treatment of functional GI disorders. Gastroenterology. 2006 Dec;131(6):1925-42. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.10.026. No abstract available. |
| 17290372 | Background | Mitterschiffthaler MT, Fu CH, Dalton JA, Andrew CM, Williams SC. A functional MRI study of happy and sad affective states induced by classical music. Hum Brain Mapp. 2007 Nov;28(11):1150-62. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20337. |
| 10702749 | Background | Flint A, Raben A, Blundell JE, Astrup A. Reproducibility, power and validity of visual analogue scales in assessment of appetite sensations in single test meal studies. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 Jan;24(1):38-48. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801083. |
| 31226660 | Derived | Zhao D, Boey L, Weltens N, Biesiekierski JR, Iven J, Depoortere I, Tack J, Van Oudenhove L. Influence of subliminal intragastric fatty acid infusion on subjective and physiological responses to positive emotion induction in healthy women: A randomized trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019 Oct;108:43-52. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.06.010. Epub 2019 Jun 13. |
| D017670 |
| Sodium Compounds |