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Lung cancer (LC) is usually diagnosed in advanced stages and continues to be the leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Cancer cachexia are frequent among patients with LC affecting up to 80% of patients with advanced stage disease, and it has been related with higher risk of complications, length of hospital stay, and worst overall survival. During cancer cachexia, both muscle and fat mass can be wasted, however, the loss of muscle mass has been associated to higher treatment related toxicity, loss of functional status, shorter progression free survival and overall survival in different types of cancer under various treatments. Hence, preservation of muscle mass and function should be an important focus of the multidisciplinary treatment of patients with LC.
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has been known to improve pulmonary function, reduce fatigue and improve exercise tolerance in patients with LC undergoing curative surgery. However, few studies have focused on the efficacy of PR on patients with advanced cancer undergoing palliative care with chemotherapy or targeted therapies.
The main objective of this study is to determine the effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation program on the pulmonary function and muscle mass. Moreover, the effects on exercise tolerance, inflammatory response, quality of live and overall survival will be explored.
Patients will be randomized into intervention group (IG) or control group (CG). Patients in the IG will be scheduled to receive 12 sessions of PR over a period of 4-6 weeks (2-3 session/week). CG will receive information and recommendations on physical activity. Both groups will receive nutritional assessment and intervention as needed.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group | Experimental | Patients in the IG will be scheduled to receive Pulmonary Rehabilitation: 12 sessions (60 minutes approximately) over a period of 4-6 weeks (2-3 session/week). Sessions will progress as patients tolerance to exercise and will include breathing techniques, resistance training on ergometer and treadmill. |
|
| Control Group | No Intervention | CG will receive information and recommendations on physical activity |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary rehabilitation | Other | Session 1: ventilatory pattern training Session 2,3: ventilatory pattern + respiratory training with incentive spirometer Session 4-6: Sessions 1-3 training continues + training with Positive expiratory pressure device (Threshold PEP) and breathing trainer Threshold IMT) Sessions 7-9: Continue respiratory training + resistance training with RECK MOTOmed2 ergometer at a 30% intensity until 60% is achieved Session 10-12: Continue with previous training + treadmill training |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary function | Pulmonary function Maximal expiratory and inspiratory pressure units: cm H2O (measured with Jaeger spirometer) | After 12 sessions (6 weeks) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Muscle mass | Muscle mass measured by body composition analysis of CT images using lumbar vertebra 3 (L3) | After 12 sessions (6 weeks) |
| Inflammatory response | Quantification of: Interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (Human Inflammatory Cytokine Kit Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD)™ Cytometric Bead Array) Units: pg/ml |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oscar Arrieta | Contact | 01 55 56280400 | 71113 | |
| Diana Flores | Contact | 01 55 56280400 | 71113 |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Oscar Arrieta | Head of Thoracic Oncology Unit | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Instituto Nacional de Cancerología | Recruiting | Mexico City | Mexico City | 14080 | Mexico |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9393230 | Background | Bruera E. ABC of palliative care. Anorexia, cachexia, and nutrition. BMJ. 1997 Nov 8;315(7117):1219-22. doi: 10.1136/bmj.315.7117.1219. No abstract available. | |
| 9276862 | Background | Argiles JM, Alvarez B, Lopez-Soriano FJ. The metabolic basis of cancer cachexia. Med Res Rev. 1997 Sep;17(5):477-98. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1128(199709)17:53.0.co;2-r. No abstract available. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D055948 | Sarcopenia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009133 | Muscular Atrophy |
| D020879 | Neuromuscular Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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|
| After 12 sessions (6 weeks) |
| Exercise tolerance | 6 minute walk test | After 12 sessions (6 weeks) |
| Quality of Life in lung cancer | To determine the Quality of Life (QoL) of patients with lung cancer and its association with rehabilitation. Application of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire, the EORTC QLQ-C30. It is composed of both multi-item scales and single-item measures. These include five functional scales, three symptom scales, a global health status / QoL scale, and six single items. Each of the multi-item scales includes a different set of items - no item occurs in more than one scale. It ranges in score from 0 to 100. A high scale score represents a higher response level. | the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire is applied before and after a follow-up after 12 sessions (6 weeks). |
| Lung Cancer Quality of Life | Application of the "european organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire (QLQ)LC-13" | After 12 sessions (6 weeks) |
| Anxiety and Depression | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS | After 12 sessions (6 weeks) |
| 21216616 | Background | Blum D, Omlin A, Baracos VE, Solheim TS, Tan BH, Stone P, Kaasa S, Fearon K, Strasser F; European Palliative Care Research Collaborative. Cancer cachexia: a systematic literature review of items and domains associated with involuntary weight loss in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2011 Oct;80(1):114-44. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2010.10.004. Epub 2011 Jan 8. |
| 25163460 | Background | Rhee CM, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Resistance exercise: an effective strategy to reverse muscle wasting in hemodialysis patients? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2014 Sep;5(3):177-80. doi: 10.1007/s13539-014-0160-z. Epub 2014 Aug 28. |
| 19471973 | Background | Ozalevli S, Ilgin D, Kul Karaali H, Bulac S, Akkoclu A. The effect of in-patient chest physiotherapy in lung cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 2010 Mar;18(3):351-8. doi: 10.1007/s00520-009-0659-6. Epub 2009 May 28. |
| 25451483 | Background | Tarumi S, Yokomise H, Gotoh M, Kasai Y, Matsuura N, Chang SS, Go T. Pulmonary rehabilitation during induction chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer improves pulmonary function. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015 Feb;149(2):569-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.09.123. Epub 2014 Oct 5. |
| 18923576 | Background | Mourtzakis M, Prado CM, Lieffers JR, Reiman T, McCargar LJ, Baracos VE. A practical and precise approach to quantification of body composition in cancer patients using computed tomography images acquired during routine care. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008 Oct;33(5):997-1006. doi: 10.1139/H08-075. |
| 18539529 | Background | Prado CM, Lieffers JR, McCargar LJ, Reiman T, Sawyer MB, Martin L, Baracos VE. Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenic obesity in patients with solid tumours of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2008 Jul;9(7):629-35. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70153-0. Epub 2008 Jun 6. |
| 7561224 | Background | Degner LF, Sloan JA. Symptom distress in newly diagnosed ambulatory cancer patients and as a predictor of survival in lung cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1995 Aug;10(6):423-31. doi: 10.1016/0885-3924(95)00056-5. |
| 23238118 | Background | Stigt JA, Uil SM, van Riesen SJ, Simons FJ, Denekamp M, Shahin GM, Groen HJ. A randomized controlled trial of postthoracotomy pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with resectable lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2013 Feb;8(2):214-21. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e318279d52a. |
| 25641113 | Background | Rivas-Perez H, Nana-Sinkam P. Integrating pulmonary rehabilitation into the multidisciplinary management of lung cancer: a review. Respir Med. 2015 Apr;109(4):437-42. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.01.001. Epub 2015 Jan 22. |
| 26017725 | Background | Jastrzebski D, Maksymiak M, Kostorz S, Bezubka B, Osmanska I, Mlynczak T, Rutkowska A, Baczek Z, Ziora D, Kozielski J. Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Advanced Lung Cancer Patients During Chemotherapy. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2015;861:57-64. doi: 10.1007/5584_2015_134. |
| 23995813 | Background | Henke CC, Cabri J, Fricke L, Pankow W, Kandilakis G, Feyer PC, de Wit M. Strength and endurance training in the treatment of lung cancer patients in stages IIIA/IIIB/IV. Support Care Cancer. 2014 Jan;22(1):95-101. doi: 10.1007/s00520-013-1925-1. Epub 2013 Sep 1. |
| 22526147 | Background | Hwang CL, Yu CJ, Shih JY, Yang PC, Wu YT. Effects of exercise training on exercise capacity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving targeted therapy. Support Care Cancer. 2012 Dec;20(12):3169-77. doi: 10.1007/s00520-012-1452-5. Epub 2012 Apr 14. |
| D001284 | Atrophy |
| D020763 | Pathological Conditions, Anatomical |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |