Patients, scheduled for elective arthroplasty were monitored with Lithium Dilution Cardiac Output monitor (LiDCOplus™) before and 45 minutes after spinal anesthesia. Hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≤ 100 mmHg or ≥ 30% decrease from baseline. Associations between hypotension and the hemodynamic changes after preanaesthetic fluid loading and spinal anesthesia were analysed by logistic regression analyses.

Inclusion Criteria:

• hip or knee arthroplasty
• spinal anaesthesia
• age 65 years or more

Exclusion Criteria:

• weight <40kg
• concomitant lithium medication
• written informed consent not obtained
• research team unavailable

Patients aged 65 years or older scheduled for hip or knee arthroplasty in spinal anaesthesia. Exclusion criteria were: (i) weight <40kg; (ii) concomitant lithium medication; (iv) informed consent not obtained; (v) research team unavailable