The American Diabetes Association indicates that diabetes self-management is a skill that diabetic patients must learn in the Diabetes Self-Management Education; thus, this contributes to shared care for diabetes, in which teams of physicians, professional nurses, and dietitians offer shared care to patients. However, according to the statistical analysis of the conditions of glycemic control in diabetic patients in 28 countries across 4 continents (Asia, Africa, Europe, and South America), the mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of the 12,727 patients was 9.5% by Litwak et al. in 2013. In Taiwan, a national survey among diabetic patients in a shared-care program found that the percentage of patients with HbA1c lower than 7% increased by 6.5% from 2006 to 2011; yet, among the 720 patients who completed both surveys in 2006 and 2011, the percentage with HbA1c lower than 7% decreased by 2.1% during that period. These results suggest that despite the increase in the proportion of patients who successfully managed their diabetes, some patients still encountered difficulty in glycemic control.Therefore, numerous health education tools on diabetes continue to be developed. In 2011,JoAnn et al. determined that the mode of health care had a substantial influence on the dietary habits of diabetic patients, and that individual health education had the largest effect on diabetes control. In addition, using the conversation map for diabetes control also had a substantial influence on improving health behaviors. Among existing studies that have adopted the conversation map, no large-scale research has been conducted, the research samples and relevant studies in Taiwan have been scant, and no theoretical foundation has been applied in evaluating the effects of the conversation map. Accordingly, the investigators aimed to enhance the mutual experience exchange and learning among diabetic patients through adopting the conversation map to observe its influence on their health behaviors by incorporating it into existing health education modalities. Furthermore, on the basis of the Health Belief Model, a relevant questionnaire was designed for assessing the effectiveness of glycemic control in diabetic patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus between 30 and 80 years of age who participated in a diabetes shared-care program.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients were excluded if they had renal insufficiency (eGFR <30 mL•min / 1.732), were not ambulatory, or were unable to answer the questionnaire independently.