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The objective of the study was to evaluate the levels of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and the presence of red complex microorganisms (RCM) such as Treponema denticola (T.d), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g) and Tannerella forsythia (T.f) in the subgingival tissues of chronic periodontitis subjects before and after intervention with pranayama as an adjunct to scaling and root planing.
Sixty chronic periodontitis subjects were selected out of which 30 subjects (control group) were treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) and 30 subjects (pranayama group) also underwent SRP and pranayama for 3 months. Clinical parameters were recorded and the presence of PPAR-γ, NF-kB and RCM were assessed at baseline and after 3 months
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| SRP & pranayama (lifestyle modification) | Active Comparator | 30 chronic periodontitis subjects treated with SRP & pranayama for 3 months |
|
| Scaling and root planing | Placebo Comparator | 30 chronic periodontitis subjects treated with scaling and root planing only |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pranayama | Behavioral | Pranayama is the breathing exercise through the nostrils. It enhances the systemic immunity which in turn enhances the overall defense mechanism of an individual. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical efficacy of pranayama in chronic periodontitis patients from baseline to 3 months | Clinical attachment level is measured using Williams periodontal probe in millimeters with the criteria of 1 to 2 mm for slight periodontitis, 3 to 4 mm for moderate periodontits and greater or equal to 5 mm for severe periodontitis. | 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Microbiological efficacy of pranayama in chronic periodontitis patients from baseline to 3 months | Red complex microorganisms such as P.gingivalis, T.denticola, T.forsythia are identified as '0' for absence and '1' for presence and analysed using polymerase chain reaction from subgingival plaque samples. | 3 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jaideep Mahendra, MDS, Ph.D | Meenakshi Ammal Dental College & Hospital | Principal Investigator |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8717528 | Result | Baldwin AS Jr. The NF-kappa B and I kappa B proteins: new discoveries and insights. Annu Rev Immunol. 1996;14:649-83. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.649. | |
| 16185770 | Result | Pilkington K, Kirkwood G, Rampes H, Richardson J. Yoga for depression: the research evidence. J Affect Disord. 2005 Dec;89(1-3):13-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2005.08.013. Epub 2005 Sep 26. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D055113 | Chronic Periodontitis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010518 | Periodontitis |
| D010510 | Periodontal Diseases |
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014080 | Tooth Exfoliation |
| D016745 | Root Planing |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009063 | Dental Physiological Phenomena |
| D055688 | Digestive System and Oral Physiological Phenomena |
| D012534 | Dental Scaling |
| D003777 | Dental Prophylaxis |
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| Scaling and root planing | Procedure | It is a mechanical debridement of dental plaque. |
|
| Efficacy of pranayama on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) in chronic periodontitis patients |
The expression of NF-kB is analysed using Real time PCR after isolation of RNA from subgingival plaque samples. |
| 3 months |
| Efficacy of pranayama on perosxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ in chronic periodontitis patients | The expression of PPAR- γ is analysed using Real time PCR after isolation of RNA from subgingival plaque samples. | 3 months |
| D002908 |
| Chronic Disease |
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010517 | Periodontics |
| D003813 | Dentistry |
| D013357 | Subgingival Curettage |
| D011313 | Preventive Dentistry |