Not provided
| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1R01AA025086 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) | NIH |
| National Institutes of Health (NIH) | NIH |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
This is a randomized controlled Phase II clinical trial designed to evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in reducing Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) severity and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptomatology among individuals with current AUD and PTSD.
The primary objective of the proposed Phase II study is to evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), in reducing (1) Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) severity and (2) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptomatology among individuals (N=200) with current AUD and PTSD. We will also use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate the neural circuitry and neurochemistry underlying comorbid AUD/PTSD and prognostic indicators of positive treatment response. Secondary objectives are to evaluate the effects of NAC on impairment in associated areas of functioning (e.g., depression, anxiety, sleep, risky behaviors). In order to accomplish this we will (1) employ an intent-to-treat, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial that will consist of 12 weeks of treatment with NAC (2400 mg per day) or placebo medication; (2) examine standardized, repeated dependent measures of clinical outcomes at baseline, week 6, week 12, and 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up; and (3) employ advanced neuroimaging methodologies, a laboratory cue paradigm, and collect biologic measures of alcohol consumption. All participants will also undergo weekly individual cognitive behavior therapy sessions (CBT).The following specific aims are proposed:
Specific Aim 1: To determine the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), as compared to placebo, in reducing alcohol use severity (i.e., total standard drinks, percent days drinking, abstinence rates) and craving.
Specific Aim 2: To determine the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), as compared to placebo, in reducing self-report and clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology.
Specific Aim 3: To use multimodal neuroimaging techniques to investigate the pathophysiology underlying AUD and comorbid PTSD, and prognostic indicators of treatment outcome.
The proposed study will answer critical questions regarding the potential of NAC as an effective pharmacotherapy for AUD and comorbid PTSD, and elucidate possible mechanisms underlying improved outcomes. This study has the particular advantage of building directly on positive preliminary findings by (1) further testing NAC in the treatment of individuals with co-occurring AUD/PTSD using a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized design; (2) measuring functioning in related areas, such as depression and risky behaviors; (3) employing innovative measurements including neuroimaging and laboratory cue paradigms; and (4) employing a multidisciplinary team of experts who have successfully collaborated in the past and are uniquely qualified to implement this type of investigation. This project is directly responsive to the mission of the National Institute of Alcohol and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and the new AUD/PTSD initiative in that it seeks to evaluate a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of AUD/PTSD and identify neurobiological mechanisms common to AUD/PTSD as potential treatment targets. The findings from this study have the potential to significantly improve the standard of patient care, advance the comorbidity science in this area, and decrease public health expenditures associated with AUD and comorbid PTSD.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Treatment Group | Experimental | Participant will receive 12 weeks of Active Treatment NAC (2400 mg) daily, as well as weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication management, and Adverse Event (AE) monitoring. Participant will receive one week of study medication at a time from the study physician or the study coordinator. The study medication provided in blister packs in the form of 600 mg tablets. Each participant will be asked to take two (2) 600 mg tablets in the morning and two (2) 600 mg tablets in the evening. |
|
| Placebo Group | Placebo Comparator | Participant will receive 12 weeks of inactive placebo comparator daily, as well as weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication management, and Adverse Event (AE) monitoring. Participant will receive one week of study medication (placebo) at a time from the study physician or the study coordinator. The study medication (placebo) provided in blister packs in the form of 600 mg tablets. Each participant will be asked to take two (2) 600 mg tablets in the morning and two (2) 600 mg tablets in the evening. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Treatment | Drug | Participant will receive 12 weeks of Active Treatment NAC (2400 mg) daily. The study medication will be provided in blister packs in the form of 600 mg tablets. Each participant will be asked to take two (2) 600 mg tablets in the morning and two (2) 600 mg tablets in the evening. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Alcohol Use Severity | Change in Alcohol Use Severity as measured by standard drinks per day using the Time Line Follow Back (TLFB) to measure alcohol consumption. Fewer standard drinks per day represent better outcomes. Greater change in standard drinks per day represents better outcomes. | From baseline to week 12 |
| Change in Alcohol Craving - Obsessive Subscale | Change in Alcohol Craving as measured by the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) to measure the obsessive subscale of alcohol craving. The OCDS is a 14-item questionnaire that measures alcohol use and attempts to control drinking. Obsessive subscale includes items 1-6. Each item is scored on a scale from 0 to 4. Scores range from 0 to 28, with lower scores representing better outcomes. | From baseline to week 12 |
| Change in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity - Clinician Rated | Change in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder symptom severity as measured by Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) for clinician-rated posttraumatic stress symptoms. The CAPS-5 is a 30-item structured interview. CAPS-5 total symptom severity score is calculated by summing severity scores for the 20 PTSD symptoms, each with severity scores ranging from 0-4. The overall total severity score for CAPS-5 ranges from 0-80, with lower scores representing better outcomes (less severe PTSD). | From baseline to week 12 |
| Change in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity - Self Report | Change in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptom severity as measured by the Posttraumatic Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition [DSM-5](PCL-5) for self-reported symptoms. The PCL-5 is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the 20 symptoms of PTSD. The rating scale is 0-4 for each symptom/item, and overall scores range from 0-80, with lower scores representing better outcomes (less severe PTSD). | From baseline to week 12 |
Not provided
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Subjects meeting DSM-5 criteria for a history of or current psychotic or bipolar affective disorders, as the study protocol may be therapeutically insufficient.
Subjects with a current eating disorder (bulimia, anorexia nervosa) or with dissociative identity disorder, as they are likely to require specific time-intensive psychotherapy.
Subjects experiencing significant withdrawal symptoms, as evidence by a score of 10 or above on the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol (CIWA). These subjects will be referred for clinical detoxification and may be re-assessed for study eligibility after medically supervised detoxification has been completed.
Individuals considered an immediate suicide risk or who are likely to require hospitalization during the course of the study for suicidality.
Women who are pregnant, nursing or not practicing an effective form of birth control.
Evidence of liver failure; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal; asthma or any clinically significant medical condition that in the opinion of the investigator would adversely affect safety or study participation.
Use of carbamazepine, phenytoin, nitrous oxide, methotrexate, 6 azauridine triacetate, or nitroglycerin within the last 14 days or any other medication felt to have a hazardous interaction if taken with NAC.
History of childhood or adult seizures of any cause.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sudie Back, PhD | Medical University of South Carolina | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medical University of South Carolina | Charleston | South Carolina | 29401 | United States | ||
| The Charleston Center |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40875537 | Derived | Back SE, Gray K, Jarnecke AM, Saraiya TC, Santa Ana EJ, Killeen T, Joseph JE, Prisciandaro JJ, Brown DG, Nietert PJ, Stecker T, Rothbaum A, Jones JL, Flanagan JC, Brady KT. N-Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Co-Occurring Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2025 Aug 27;86(4):25m15803. doi: 10.4088/JCP.25m15803. |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Participants were stratified by alcohol use disorder severity and posttraumatic stress disorder severity. Stratified random block randomization was used to balance the randomization assignment with respect to these strata. The purpose of stratification is to distribute these potential prognostic factors equally across treatment groups.
Recruitment for this project was ongoing from June 2016 through June 2021. Prior to the Coronavirus pandemic, recruitment efforts were focused in Charleston, South Carolina (clinics, online, community). In 2020, the study team shifted to a full remote approach and opened recruitment across the continental United States.
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Treatment Group | Participant will receive 12 weeks of Active Treatment N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) (2400 milligrams [mg]) daily, as well as weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication management, and Adverse Event (AE) monitoring. The study medication provided in blister packs in the form of 600 mg tablets. Each participant will be asked to take two (2) 600 mg tablets in the morning and two (2) 600 mg tablets in the evening. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): All participant will receive 12 weeks of weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication management, and AE monitoring. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Nov 9, 2019 |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) | Behavioral | Participant will receive 12 weeks of weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication management, and AE monitoring. |
|
| Inactive Placebo Oral Capsule | Drug | Participant will receive 12 weeks of inactive placebo. The study medication will be provided in blister packs in the form of 600 mg tablets. Each participant will be asked to take two (2) 600 mg tablets in the morning and two (2) 600 mg tablets in the evening. |
|
| Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) | Other | Participants will be given the option to complete Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at two timepoints (pre-treatment and end of treatment). |
|
|
| Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) Imaging | Other | Participants will be given the option to complete magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at two timepoints (pre-treatment and end of treatment). |
|
| Change in Alcohol Craving - Compulsive Subscale | Change in Alcohol Craving as measured by the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) to measure the compulsive subscale of alcohol craving. The OCDS is a 14-item questionnaire that measures alcohol use and attempts to control drinking. Compulsive subscale includes items 7-14. Each item is scored on a scale from 0 to 4. Scores range from 0 to 32, with lower scores representing better outcomes. | From baseline to week 12 |
| Change in Alcohol Use Severity - Percent Days Abstinent | Change in Alcohol Use Severity as measured by the percent days abstinent using the Time Line Follow Back (TLFB) to measure alcohol consumption. Greater percentage of days of abstinence represents better outcomes. Greater change in Percent Days Abstinent represents better outcomes. | From baseline to week 12 |
| Charleston |
| South Carolina |
| 29425 |
| United States |
| FG001 | Placebo Group | Participants receive 12 weeks of inactive placebo comparator daily, as well as weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication management, and Adverse Event (AE) monitoring. The study medication (placebo) provided in blister packs in the form of 600 milligrams [mg] tablets. Each participant will be asked to take two (2) 600 mg tablets in the morning and two (2) 600 mg tablets in the evening. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): All participant will receive 12 weeks of weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication management, and AE monitoring. |
| COMPLETED |
|
| NOT COMPLETED |
|
|
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Treatment Group | Participant will receive 12 weeks of Active Treatment NAC (2400 milligrams [mg]) daily, as well as weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication management, and Adverse Event (AE) monitoring. The study medication provided in blister packs in the form of 600 mg tablets. Each participant will be asked to take two (2) 600 mg tablets in the morning and two (2) 600 mg tablets in the evening. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): All participant will receive 12 weeks of weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication management, and AE monitoring. |
| BG001 | Placebo Group | Participants receive 12 weeks of inactive placebo comparator daily, as well as weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication management, and Adverse Event (AE) monitoring. The study medication (placebo) provided in blister packs in the form of 600 milligrams [mg] tablets. Each participant will be asked to take two (2) 600 mg tablets in the morning and two (2) 600 mg tablets in the evening. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): All participant will receive 12 weeks of weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication management, and AE monitoring. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
| |||||||||||||||
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
| ||||||||||||||||
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
| ||||||||||||||||
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change in Alcohol Use Severity | Change in Alcohol Use Severity as measured by standard drinks per day using the Time Line Follow Back (TLFB) to measure alcohol consumption. Fewer standard drinks per day represent better outcomes. Greater change in standard drinks per day represents better outcomes. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | standard drinks per day | From baseline to week 12 |
|
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary | Change in Alcohol Craving - Obsessive Subscale | Change in Alcohol Craving as measured by the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) to measure the obsessive subscale of alcohol craving. The OCDS is a 14-item questionnaire that measures alcohol use and attempts to control drinking. Obsessive subscale includes items 1-6. Each item is scored on a scale from 0 to 4. Scores range from 0 to 28, with lower scores representing better outcomes. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | From baseline to week 12 |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary | Change in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity - Clinician Rated | Change in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder symptom severity as measured by Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) for clinician-rated posttraumatic stress symptoms. The CAPS-5 is a 30-item structured interview. CAPS-5 total symptom severity score is calculated by summing severity scores for the 20 PTSD symptoms, each with severity scores ranging from 0-4. The overall total severity score for CAPS-5 ranges from 0-80, with lower scores representing better outcomes (less severe PTSD). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | From baseline to week 12 |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary | Change in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity - Self Report | Change in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptom severity as measured by the Posttraumatic Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition [DSM-5](PCL-5) for self-reported symptoms. The PCL-5 is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the 20 symptoms of PTSD. The rating scale is 0-4 for each symptom/item, and overall scores range from 0-80, with lower scores representing better outcomes (less severe PTSD). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | From baseline to week 12 |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary | Change in Alcohol Craving - Compulsive Subscale | Change in Alcohol Craving as measured by the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) to measure the compulsive subscale of alcohol craving. The OCDS is a 14-item questionnaire that measures alcohol use and attempts to control drinking. Compulsive subscale includes items 7-14. Each item is scored on a scale from 0 to 4. Scores range from 0 to 32, with lower scores representing better outcomes. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | From baseline to week 12 |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary | Change in Alcohol Use Severity - Percent Days Abstinent | Change in Alcohol Use Severity as measured by the percent days abstinent using the Time Line Follow Back (TLFB) to measure alcohol consumption. Greater percentage of days of abstinence represents better outcomes. Greater change in Percent Days Abstinent represents better outcomes. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | percentage of days abstinent for alcohol | From baseline to week 12 |
|
Approximately 1 year and 3 months (from start of baseline appointment through 12 week treatment phase and 1 year follow up)
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Treatment Group | Participant will receive 12 weeks of Active Treatment NAC (2400 milligrams [mg]) daily, as well as weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication management, and Adverse Event (AE) monitoring. The study medication provided in blister packs in the form of 600 mg tablets. Each participant will be asked to take two (2) 600 mg tablets in the morning and two (2) 600 mg tablets in the evening. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): All participant will receive 12 weeks of weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication management, and AE monitoring. | 0 | 93 | 5 | 93 | 39 | 93 |
| EG001 | Placebo Group | Participants receive 12 weeks of inactive placebo comparator daily, as well as weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication management, and Adverse Event (AE) monitoring. The study medication (placebo) provided in blister packs in the form of 600 milligrams [mg] tablets. Each participant will be asked to take two (2) 600 mg tablets in the morning and two (2) 600 mg tablets in the evening. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): All participant will receive 12 weeks of weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication management, and AE monitoring. | 1 | 89 | 3 | 89 | 39 | 89 |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injury/Accident | Injury, poisoning and procedural complications | MedDRA 10.0 | Systematic Assessment | Hospitalization from injury/accident. |
|
| Ectopic Pregnancy & Ruptured Fallopian Tube | Reproductive system and breast disorders | MedDRA 10.0 | Systematic Assessment | Surgical procedure to repair ruptured fallopian tube (complication from ectopic pregnancy). Participant was hospitalized. |
|
| Suicidal Ideation | Psychiatric disorders | MedDRA 10.0 | Systematic Assessment | Suicidal Ideation - Hospitalization |
|
| Pneumonia | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | MedDRA 10.0 | Systematic Assessment | Pneumonia - hospitalized |
|
| Stroke | Nervous system disorders | Stroke | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Sepsis | Infections and infestations | Sepsis | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Pancreatitis | Renal and urinary disorders | Pancreatitis | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Bladder Infection | Renal and urinary disorders | Bladder Infection | Systematic Assessment |
|
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anxiety | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA 10.0 | Systematic Assessment | Anxiety Anxiety or Panic Attack Anxiety, worsening |
|
| Constipation | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA 10.0 | Systematic Assessment | Constipation |
|
| Gastrointestinal Discomfort | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA 10.0 | Systematic Assessment | Gastrointestinal Discomfort, non-specified |
|
| Headache/Migraine | Nervous system disorders | MedDRA 10.0 | Systematic Assessment | Headache (including worsening) Migraine(including worsening) |
|
| Injury | Injury, poisoning and procedural complications | MedDRA 10.0 | Systematic Assessment | injury: abscess on hand wound post surgery Injury: back injury from work injury: broken toe (pinky, left foot) Injury: broken tooth injury: infection in hand post-surgery injury: knee injury injury: sprained ankle |
|
| Muscle or Joint Pain | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | MedDRA 10.0 | Systematic Assessment | Muscle or Joint Pain (neck, back, wrist, rib, side, led) |
|
| Nausea | Gastrointestinal disorders | Nausea | Systematic Assessment |
| |
| Sinusitis | Infections and infestations | MedDRA 10.0 | Systematic Assessment | Sinusitis |
|
| Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Cold) | Infections and infestations | MedDRA 10.0 | Systematic Assessment | Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Cold) |
|
| Flatulence | Gastrointestinal disorders | MedDRA 10.0 | Systematic Assessment | Flatulence |
|
Not provided
Not provided
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stacey Sellers | Medical University of South Carolina | 843-792-5807 | sellersst@musc.edu |
| Sep 20, 2022 |
| Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Apr 6, 2021 | Jan 20, 2023 | ICF_002.pdf |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013313 | Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic |
| D016739 | Behavior, Addictive |
| D000437 | Alcoholism |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D040921 | Stress Disorders, Traumatic |
| D000068099 | Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D003192 | Compulsive Behavior |
| D007175 | Impulsive Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D019973 | Alcohol-Related Disorders |
| D019966 | Substance-Related Disorders |
| D064419 | Chemically-Induced Disorders |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000111 | Acetylcysteine |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D015928 | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
| D014965 | X-Rays |
| D066244 | Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003545 | Cysteine |
| D000603 | Amino Acids, Sulfur |
| D013457 | Sulfur Compounds |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000596 | Amino Acids |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
| D060733 | Electromagnetic Radiation |
| D055590 | Electromagnetic Phenomena |
| D060328 | Magnetic Phenomena |
| D055585 | Physical Phenomena |
| D011827 | Radiation |
| D011839 | Radiation, Ionizing |
| D009682 | Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy |
| D013057 | Spectrum Analysis |
| D002623 | Chemistry Techniques, Analytical |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
Not provided
Not provided
| Male |
|
| Asian |
|
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander |
|
| Black or African American |
|
| White |
|
| More than one race |
|
| Unknown or Not Reported |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|