Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is creating a health pandemic globally. Management of type 2 diabetes involves combination of lifestyle intervention and drug intervention, which includes sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, such as dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin (Forxiga®) was approved by the Malaysian Drug Authority for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in 2014. This study will describe the characteristics of patients who are prescribed dapagliflozin by diabetologists/endocrinologists in a tertiary referral center and describe their glycaemic control, weight, and renal function at baseline and during use of dapagliflozin.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes among adults >18 years old is 17.5% in Malaysia, where half of them are undiagnosed. Diabetes also accounts for 14.5% of all-cause mortality worldwide, with close to half of the deaths are in subjects <60 years old. These highlight the importance of early diagnosis of disease, timely intervention with appropriate therapy, and treating type 2 diabetes patients to goal to prevent the development of complications.

Asian type 2 diabetes phenotypes are different than Caucasians, i.e. significant pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, higher visceral adiposity, more vulnerable to cardio-renal complications. Although clinical trials of SGLT-2 inhibitors have been published, real-world data on the use of this new class of antidiabetic medication is still lacking, in particularly among Asians.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosis of T2DM prior to the first prescription of dapagliflozin
• Patients with T2DM who are initiated with dapagliflozin from March 2014 till December 2015
• Patients need to be on dapagliflozin therapy for at least six consecutive months from the index date
• Patients need to have diabetologists/endocrinologists' follow up for at least six months after the initiation of dapagliflozin

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with T2DM who are initiated with dapagliflozin after December 2015
• Patients with incomplete electronic medical records
• Patients with Type 1 diabetes
• Patients with latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA)
• Female Patients with T2DM who are found to be pregnant during the treatment period of dapagliflozin

All adult T2DM patients who received at least one prescription for dapagliflozin for the first time between March 2014 and December 2015 at the University of Malaya Medical Center (UMMC) will be recruited. UMMC is an academic medical institution with 1,300 beds, serving a population of 1.8 million in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

The date of the first prescription for dapagliflozin in the Hospital Pharmacy Database is defined as the index date. Dapaglifozin is only available at the study site from March 2014 onwards.