The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and the safety when ASP1517 is intermittently administered in Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agent (ESA)-untreated non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients with anemia.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subjects who were diagnosed with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) and who are considered not to require renal replacement therapy during the study period
• Mean of the subject's two most recent Hb values before randomization during the Screening Period must be <10.5 g/dL with an absolute difference ≤1.3 g/dL between the two values
• Either transferrin saturation ≥ 5% or serum ferritin ≥ 30 ng/mL
• Female subject must either:

Be of non-childbearing potential:

• post-menopausal prior to pre-screening, or
• documented surgically sterile Or, if of childbearing potential,
• Agree not to try to become pregnant during the study after informed consent acquisition and for 28 days after the final study drug administration
• And have a negative urine pregnancy test at pre-screening
• And, if heterosexually active, agree to consistently use two forms of highly effective birth control (at least one of which must be a barrier method) starting at pre-screening and throughout the study period and for 28 days after the final study drug administration.
• Female subject must agree not to breastfeed starting at pre-screening and throughout the study period, and for 28 days after the final study drug administration.
• Female subject must not donate ova starting at pre-screening and throughout the study period, and for 28 days after the final study drug administration.
• Male subject and their female spouse/partners who are of childbearing potential must be using two forms of highly effective birth control (at least one of which must be a barrier method) starting at pre-screening and continue throughout the study period, and for 12 weeks after the final study drug administration
• Male subject must not donate sperm starting at pre-screening and throughout the study period, and for 12 weeks after the final study drug administration

Exclusion Criteria:

• Concurrent retinal neovascular lesion requiring treatment and macular edema requiring treatment
• Concurrent autoimmune disease with inflammation that could impact erythropoiesis
• History of gastric/intestinal resection considered influential on the absorption of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract (excluding resection of gastric or colon polyps) or concurrent gastroparesis
• Uncontrolled hypertension
• Concurrent congestive heart failure (NYHA Class III or higher)
• History of hospitalization for treatment of stroke, myocardial infarction, or pulmonary embolism within 12 weeks before the pre-screening assessment
• Positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody at the pre-screening assessment, or positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a past test
• Concurrent other form of anemia than renal anemia
• Having received treatment with ESA, protein anabolic hormone, testosterone enanthate, or mepitiostane within 6 weeks before the pre-screening assessment
• Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) or total bilirubin that is greater than the criteria, or previous or concurrent another serious liver disease at pre-screening assessment
• Previous or current malignant tumor (no recurrence for at least 5 years is eligible.)
• Having undergone red blood transfusion and/or a surgical procedure considered to promote anemia within 4 weeks before the pre-screening assessment
• Having undergone a kidney transplantation
• History of serious drug allergy including anaphylactic shock
• Having a previous history of treatment with ASP1517
• Participation in another clinical study or post-marketing clinical study (including that of a medical device) within 12 weeks before informed consent acquisition

Access to anonymized individual participant level data collected during the study, in addition to study-related supporting documentation, is planned for studies conducted with approved product indications and formulations, as well as products terminated during development. Studies conducted with product indications or formulations that remain active in development are assessed after study completion to determine if Individual Participant Data can be shared. Further details on Astellas' data sharing policy can be found at https://www.clinicaltrials.astellas.com/transparency/.

Access to participant level data is offered to researchers after publication of the primary manuscript (if applicable) and is available as long as Astellas has legal authority to provide the data.

Researchers must submit a proposal to conduct a scientifically relevant analysis of the study data. The research proposal is reviewed by an Independent Research Panel. If the proposal is approved, access to the study data is provided in a secure data sharing environment after receipt of a signed Data Sharing Agreement.