The primary purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface ( i.e. reinnervation of partial muscle grafts by residual peripheral nerves) enables both the generation of high-performance motor control signals for prosthetic limbs, and the input of sensory percepts by electrical stimulation.

Inclusion criteria:

• For the prosthetic control graft arm:

  • Must have previously undergone upper limb amputation
  • Must be otherwise healthy (e.g. no severe pain syndromes or untreated mental health disorders)
  • Must be American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class I (low surgical risk)
  • Must have sufficient soft tissue quality to support performance of the operative procedures
  • Must have NOT previously received the partial muscle graft surgery

• For the neuroma graft arm:

  • Must have previously undergone upper limb amputation
  • Must be otherwise healthy (e.g. no severe pain syndromes or untreated mental health disorders)
  • Must have previously received the partial muscle graft surgery

• For the able-bodied arm:

  • Must have NOT undergone upper limb amputation
  • Must be in good health

Exclusion criteria:

• For the prosthetic control graft arm:

  • Participants sustaining severe crushing or avulsion injuries with substantial superficial and deep scarring, may not be appropriate candidates for inclusion in the study

• For the able-bodied arm:

  • Participants with a history of nerve pain may not be appropriate candidates for inclusion in the study

Individual participant data will not be shared