Hyperbaric oxygen has previously been tested as a possible means for pre-conditioning to enhance exercise performance. This study is designed to examine the effects of exercising in a hyperbaric chamber for improving fitness when combined with high-intensity training.

The purpose of this research study is to determine the incremental benefit of high intensity interval training (HIT) in a hyperbaric-hyperoxic environment with HIT alone in healthy subjects and to compare the effect of HIT at an intermediate altitude (SLC, UT; altitude 1420 m) with that performed at sea-level (Durham, NC) in healthy subjects. While VO2 max is determined by the functional interdependence of the respiratory, cardiovascular and muscular systems, ultimately VO2 max is determined by mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Exercise training increases mitochondrial capacity. There is evidence that high intensity interval training (HIT) programs are effective at increasing exercise capacity. Furthermore, there is evidence that training while in a hyperbaric-hyperoxic environment may potentiate the HIT training effect through its effects on mitochondrial oxidative capacity, but this has not been scientifically tested. Our hypothesis is that high intensity interval training (HIT) in a hyperoxichyperbaric environment performed six-times over a two-week period will increase exercise performance compared with HIT performed in ambient conditions in healthy subjects. The primary outcome studied will be the effect of high-volume interval training in a hyperbaric-hyperoxic on VO2max.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy individuals, ages 18-40 years that are sedentary or recreationally active but not involved in any structured endurance training will be eligible for the study. This level of activity will be defined as performing mild-moderate aerobic exercise 0-3 times per week.
• VO2 max within normal limits (defined as 84-120% predicted using Wasserman reference equations48).
• Spirometry within predicted limits.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Subjects unable to complete a satisfactory VO2 max test
• Individuals with chronic cardiovascular disease such as hypertension, valve disease, coronary artery disease, cardiac conduction abnormalities, etc.
• History of pneumothorax or chronic lung disease such as asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis
• Active Smokers
• Pregnant women
• Persons unable to read or understand English, not in full mental capacity or suffer from blindness.