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This protocol is a phase II multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the efficacy of SBRT in multi-metastatic NSCLC patients who are pan-negative for driver mutations.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Forty percent of patients are diagnosed as metastatic lung cancer, and about 50% of them are pan-negative for driver mutations. The median overall survival(OS) for these patients is 11 months, and maintenance therapy can only prolong 2 months of OS. The NCCN guidelines recommend 4-6 cycles of chemotherapy with or without maintenance chemotherapy.
Published data showed that radiotherapy modulates tumor phenotypes, enhances antigen presentation and tumor immunogenicity. The regression of out-field lesions was termed as "abscopal effect". The combination of radiotherapy with immunotherapeutic agents may promote the host anti-tumor immune response and increase the rate of abscopal effect.Published data showed that abscopal effect appeared in 20%-30% patients with metastatic malignant tumors who were treated with the combination of SBRT and GM-CSF.
The investigators evaluate the efficacy of the combination of SBRT and GM-CSF in the multi-metastatic NSCLC participants who are pan-negative for driver mutations. Patients enrolled will be randomized into two groups. The control group will receive the standard regimen as NCCN recommends. The experimental group will receive both the standard chemotherapy and the extra SBRT to primary lesions or metastatic lesions combined with GM-CSF. The investigators compare progress free survival(PFS) of the two groups.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group A | Placebo Comparator | Participants in the Group A will receive 4-6 cycles of standard two-drug chemotherapy. After that, clinical observation or maintenance chemotherapy will be given. |
|
| Group B | Experimental | Participants in the Group B will also receive 4-6 cycles of standard two-drug chemotherapy. However, they will receive an additional treatment of SBRT to primary lesions or metastatic lesions combined with GM-CSF. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBRT concurrent with GM-CSF | Radiation | SBRT and GM-CSF 125ug/m2 for 14 days |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Progress Free Survival (PFS) | 2 years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Survival (OS) | 2 years | |
| Incidence of treatment-related adverse events | 2 years |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1.5×109/L, Platelets ≥100×109/L, Hemoglobin ≥9 g/dL Renal: Creatinine OR Measured or calculated creatinine clearance (CrCl) (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] can also be used in place of creatinine or CrCl) ≤1.5× the upper limit of normal (ULN) OR ≥60 mL/min for patient with creatinine levels >1.5× institutional ULN Hepatic: Total bilirubin ≤1.5×ULN OR Direct bilirubin ≤ULN for patients with total bilirubin levels >1.5×ULN, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤2.5×ULN OR ≤5×ULN for patients with liver metastases ,globulin≥20 g/L, albumin≥30 g/L.
- Able to understand and give written informed consent and comply with study procedures.
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shanghai Chest Hospital | Shanghai | Shanghai Municipality | China |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26095785 | Result | Golden EB, Chhabra A, Chachoua A, Adams S, Donach M, Fenton-Kerimian M, Friedman K, Ponzo F, Babb JS, Goldberg J, Demaria S, Formenti SC. Local radiotherapy and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to generate abscopal responses in patients with metastatic solid tumours: a proof-of-principle trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Jul;16(7):795-803. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00054-6. Epub 2015 Jun 18. | |
| 26951040 |
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| two-drug chemotherapy containing platinum, including carboplatin/Cisplatin + pemetrexed/docetaxel/paclitaxel/etoposide/gemcitabine/vinorelbine/albumin-bound paclitaxel |
| Drug |
two-drug regimen |
|
| Result |
| Bernstein MB, Krishnan S, Hodge JW, Chang JY. Immunotherapy and stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (ISABR): a curative approach? Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2016 Aug;13(8):516-24. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.30. Epub 2016 Mar 8. |
| 22560555 | Result | Stamell EF, Wolchok JD, Gnjatic S, Lee NY, Brownell I. The abscopal effect associated with a systemic anti-melanoma immune response. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013 Feb 1;85(2):293-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.03.017. Epub 2012 May 5. |
| 26484629 | Result | Daly ME, Monjazeb AM, Kelly K. Clinical Trials Integrating Immunotherapy and Radiation for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2015 Dec;10(12):1685-93. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000686. |
| 26582738 | Result | Abuodeh Y, Venkat P, Kim S. Systematic review of case reports on the abscopal effect. Curr Probl Cancer. 2016 Jan-Feb;40(1):25-37. doi: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2015.10.001. Epub 2015 Oct 9. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016178 | Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor |
| D002945 | Cisplatin |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003115 | Colony-Stimulating Factors |
| D006023 | Glycoproteins |
| D006001 | Glycoconjugates |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
| D016298 | Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors |
| D016207 | Cytokines |
| D036341 | Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins |
| D010455 | Peptides |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D011506 | Proteins |
| D001685 | Biological Factors |
| D017606 | Chlorine Compounds |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D017672 | Nitrogen Compounds |
| D017671 | Platinum Compounds |
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