This study will look at cervical tissue samples in women with abnormal cervical cells to see if the frequency of the HPV 16/18 subtypes has changed in female populations today, after the introduction of the HPV vaccine. It will compare women who have been exposed to the HPV vaccine with those who have not.

The development of cervical dysplasia (precursor to cervical cancer) and cervical cancer requires infection with one of several cancer causing subtypes of the human papilloma virus (HPV). There are over 100 subtypes of HPV, and most are not cancer causing. In the past, North American data has shown that 70% of early cervical cancers were associated with HPV subtypes 16 and/or 18. The first HPV vaccines to be approved protected against the common subtypes of HPV 16 and 18. The traditional HPV vaccination consists of 3-doses administered over a 6 month period.

Since the 8 years after the introduction of the vaccine, there have not been any studies analyzing HPV subtype changes. It is important to determine if the prevalence of the HPV subtypes associated with precancerous and/or early cervical cancer have changed, and what preventative outcomes have arisen from the HPV vaccination. This will have implications regarding the importance and anticipated effects of immunization with the nanovalent vaccine that includes other oncogenic subtypes.

This study will look at tissue samples to see if the frequency of the HPV 16/18 subtypes has changed in female populations today, after the introduction of the HPV vaccine. It will compare women who have been exposed to the HPV vaccine with those who have not.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Women ≥ 18 years old
• Presenting with cervical high grade intraepithelial dysplasia (HSIL), adenocarcinoma in situ (ACIS), or early cervical cancer
• Fulfills one of the following two criteria:

Expected to have a cervical biopsy, loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), or cone biopsy as part of standard of care treatment OR Has already had a cone biopsy of LEEP and the archived tissue is located at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and was taken within two years from the time of consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• A history of HSIL, ACIS, or early cervical cancer prior to 2010
• Patients who are unable to provide consent
• Women who have had a previous LEEP or cone biopsy and tissue removed is greater than 2 years old, from the time of consent
• women who have had a previous LEEP or cone biopsy and tissue is archived at an outside institution

Women recently diagnosed with either high grade cervical dysplasia, ACIS, on early cervical cancer who present to the Sunnybrook Colposcopy Clinic.