The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of a future trial that will assess whether an integrated intervention combining psychosocial counseling and supported referrals for antiretroviral therapy (ART) at any CD4 cell count and substance use treatment for HIV-infected people who inject drugs (PWID) will reduce HIV transmission to HIV-uninfected injection partners, as compared to routine care dictated by national guidelines for HIV-infected PWID.

This is a multi-site, two-arm, randomized, vanguard study. Network units will consist of an HIV-infected index participant and his/her HIV-uninfected network injection partner(s). Network units will be randomized to the intervention or standard of care arms in a 1:3 ratio, stratified by site. To assess feasibility of the intervention, additional interviews will be conducted with study staff (systems navigators and counselors) and clinic-based stakeholders at each study site.

Approximately 500 Index participants and their partners will be enrolled.

Inclusion Criteria:

Index participants:

• Age 18-45 years at the Screening visit (age verification procedures will be defined in the Study Specific Procedures [SSP] Manual)
• Able to provide informed consent
• Active injection drug user, defined as self-report of: a) injecting drugs approximately two or more times per week for the past three months, and b) ability to identify the anatomical location of the most recent injection site, as determined by study staff
• Reports sharing needles/syringes or drug solutions at least once in the last month
• HIV-infected based on a study-defined testing algorithm (defined in the SSP Manual)
• Viral load ≥1,000 copies/mL at Screening
• Willing and able to identify, recruit, and have enrolled at least one HIV-uninfected network injection partner who is eligible for study participation according to the criteria below
• Have no plans to move outside the study area for at least one year after study enrollment
• Willing to participate in intervention activities, including regular phone contact

HIV uninfected injection partners:

• Age 18-45 years at the Screening visit (age verification procedures will be defined in the SSP Manual)
• Able to provide informed consent
• Active injection drug user, defined as: a) self-report of injecting drugs approximately two times per week for the past three months, and b) ability to identify the anatomical location of the most recent injection site, as determined by study staff
• Confirmed injection partner, using referral identification cards, of index participant within the past 1 month
• HIV-uninfected based on the study-defined testing algorithm* (defined in the Study SSP Manual)
• Have no plans to move outside the study area for at least one year after study enrollment

Exclusion Criteria:

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no individual data will be shared