Optimal Duration of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (AST) Guided Rescue Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Infection

Strongly evidence supports that H. pylori eradication is an effective approach to reduce the incidence of those pathologies. However, due to the increasing resistance rates to antibiotics, failures of H. pylori eradication get more and more common. Thus, rescue therapy for persistent H. pylori infection is becoming a grand challenge the investigators have to face.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients require upper endoscopy owing to persistent H. pylori infection despite one or more treatment attempts.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age younger than 18 years;
• Patients with gastrectomy, acute GI bleeding and advanced gastric cancer;
• Known or suspected allergy to study medications;
• Inability to provide informed consent and other situations that could interfere with the examination or therapeutic protocol.