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This study investigates whether there are psychological predictors of parental perception of side-effects following vaccination with the child flu vaccine. We will also investigate whether the perception of side-effects affects parents' intention to vaccinate their child again in the following flu season, as well as whether there are underlying differences in parents' cognitive biases between those who do and do not re-vaccinate their child.
In 2012, the British Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) recommended that the influenza vaccination programme be extended to include children aged 2 to 16. In the three flu seasons in which the child flu immunisation programme has been running (2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16), uptake rates have been low (approximately 40%). Multiple factors are likely to underlie the poor uptake, including thinking the vaccine was unsafe and ineffective and having experienced side-effects related to the vaccine previously.
Although symptoms are commonly reported following vaccinations, their causes are not always straightforward. Although a minority may be directly attributable to the vaccine itself, others may reflect pre-existing or coincidental symptoms that are misattributed to the vaccine. Following vaccination, an expectation that the vaccine causes side-effects may also contribute to parents detecting symptoms in their child that might otherwise have gone unnoticed. Perception of side-effects may also influence the parent's decision to vaccinate their child again in following years.
Other possible factors influencing parents' perception of side-effects and their willingness to vaccinate their child again are their personal health beliefs and their interpretations of the information they are given about vaccination and side-effects. These cognitive processes can be measured objectively using experimental tasks, and can reveal characteristic patterns, or 'cognitive biases' which govern behaviour.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants | Parents of children aged 2-4 who will receive the child flu vaccine from their general practitioner (GP) |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No intervention | Other | Participants in this study will not receive any interventions as part of the study. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of participants who perceive their child to have treatment-related adverse events from the child flu vaccine | Using questionnaire materials as a method of assessment | October 2016 - March 2017 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Intention to re-vaccinate child | Using a scale as a method of assessment | October 2016 - March 2017 |
| Negative interpretative bias scores as assessed by the scrambled sentences and similarity ratings tasks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Vaccination status of child for flu at end of 2017/18 flu season | January - March 2018 |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
-
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| G James Rubin, PhD | King's College London | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albion Street Group Practice | London | United Kingdom | ||||
| Claremont Medical Centre |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32386745 | Derived | Smith LE, Amlot R, Weinman J, Yiend J, Rubin GJ. Why do parents not re-vaccinate their child for influenza? A prospective cohort study. Vaccine. 2020 Jun 2;38(27):4230-4235. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.029. Epub 2020 May 5. | |
| 29868792 | Derived | Smith LE, Weinman J, Amlot R, Yiend J, Rubin GJ. Parental Expectation of Side Effects Following Vaccination Is Self-fulfilling: A Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Behav Med. 2019 Mar 1;53(3):267-282. doi: 10.1093/abm/kay040. |
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| October 2016 - March 2017 |
| London |
| United Kingdom |
| Herne Hill Group Practice | London | United Kingdom |
| Honor Oak Group Practice | London | United Kingdom |
| Hurley Clinic | London | United Kingdom |
| Links Medical Practice | London | United Kingdom |
| Morden Hall Medical Centre | London | United Kingdom |
| Park Group Practice | London | United Kingdom |
| Paxton Green Group Practice | London | United Kingdom |
| The Rosendale Surgery | London | United Kingdom |
| Woodlands Practice | London | United Kingdom |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007251 | Influenza, Human |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D009976 | Orthomyxoviridae Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
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