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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of Turku | OTHER |
| Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile | OTHER |
| London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine | OTHER |
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Bullying is a major problem worldwide and, with no exception, in Chile. Bullying is defined as a systematic aggressive behavior against a victim who cannot defend himself or herself. Victims suffer many consequences such as social isolation, psychological maladjustment, and self-injury behavior. Additionally, bullies have a higher risk for conduct problems and substance use disorders. These problems appear to last in time, affecting mental health even years later since the experience of bullying.
There are few studies in Chile aiming to determine the prevalence of bullying. In one of such studies, 47% of the students reported having been bullied during the last month before the application of the questionnaire. Even though there are many initiatives and guidelines in Chile supported by the government to help schools in order to deal with bullying, there is no any cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) aiming to assess the effectiveness of an anti-bullying program.
KiVa anti-bullying prevention program contains universal and indicated actions. Main universal actions for 5 to 6 graders consist of 10 two-hours lessons given during a year and an online game, which have the aim to raise awareness of the role of the group in bullying, increase empathy and promote strategies to support victims. Indicated actions consist of a set of discussion groups with the victims and with the bullies with proper follow-up.
The aims of this study are: 1) To develop a culturally appropriate version of the Kiva material, and 2) to test its effectiveness of KiVa program with and without the online game, to reduce bullying behavior among low-income primary schools in Santiago using a cluster RCT design with three arms: i) KiVa full program group, ii) KiVa without online game program group, and iii) Control group.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| KiVa program full | Experimental | The schools allocated in this arm will receive the Chilean adaptation of KiVa program with all its universal and indicated actions. |
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| KiVa program w/o the digital component | Experimental | The schools allocated in this arm will receive the Chilean adaptation of KiVa program without the digital component (online game) |
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| Control group | No Intervention | The schools allocated in this arm will not receive the KiVa program. If successful, these schools will receive the program the following academic year. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KiVa program | Other | KiVa program is an anti-bullying intervention developed in University of Turku, Finland. It is based on the participant role model, where bullying is seen as a group process focused on the bystanders' reactions to the bullying. This program includes universal and indicated actions. Universal actions include ten students lessons given by teachers where pupils learn the role of bystanders in the bullying process, how to increase empathy towards the victim, and safe strategies to supports victims. Indicated actions are delivered by a school team of three staff members, who handle acute cases of bullying. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Self-reported victimisation | Victimisation will be assessed using the corresponding item from the revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) | 12 months followup |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Self-reported bullying | Bullying actions will be assessed using the corresponding item from the revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) | 12 months followup |
| Peer-reported victimisation |
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Inclusion Criteria for schools:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jorge Gaete, MD, MSc, PhD | Universidad de Los Andes | Principal Investigator |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35739339 | Derived | Valenzuela D, Turunen T, Gana S, Rojas-Barahona CA, Araya R, Salmivalli C, Gaete J. Effectiveness of the KiVa Antibullying Program with and without the Online Game in Chile: a Three-Arm Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Prev Sci. 2022 Nov;23(8):1470-1482. doi: 10.1007/s11121-022-01379-z. Epub 2022 Jun 24. | |
| 33912096 | Derived |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D058445 | Bullying |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000374 | Aggression |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D000071277 | Harassment, Non-Sexual |
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Peer-reported victimisation will be assessed using the corresponding item from the revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ)
| 12 months followup |
| Peer-reported bullying | Peer-reported bullying will be assessed using the corresponding item from the revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) | 12 months followup |
| Self-reported psychological difficulties | The psychological difficulties will be assessed using the total subscale of difficulties of the Adolescent version of The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). | 12 months followup |
| Self-reported psychological strengths | The psychological strengths will be assessed using the total subscale of strengths (prosocial skills) of the Adolescent version of The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). | 12 months followup |
| Gaete J, Valenzuela D, Godoy MI, Rojas-Barahona CA, Salmivalli C, Araya R. Validation of the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ-R) Among Adolescents in Chile. Front Psychol. 2021 Apr 12;12:578661. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.578661. eCollection 2021. |
| 28219403 | Derived | Gaete J, Valenzuela D, Rojas-Barahona C, Valenzuela E, Araya R, Salmivalli C. The KiVa antibullying program in primary schools in Chile, with and without the digital game component: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2017 Feb 20;18(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s13063-017-1810-1. |
| D012919 |
| Social Behavior |