The research focuses on the safety profile of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). The hypothesis is that safety issue, as regards to cardiovascular risk, is not homogenous across the spectrum of androgen-deprivation therapy modalities. Our study will encompass all ADT modalities including intermittent ADT.

ADT is a cornerstone therapy in prostate cancer management. Decisions about ADT should weigh improvements in cancer-specific outcomes against potential increased risks for cardiovascular diseases. The potential for harm from ADT should be more precisely defined according to the type of ADT. Those potential risks underscore the importance of better understanding benefits of ADT, especially in contexts where data are still lacking.ADT is also indicated in sexually deviant behavior.

Our study is a nationwide population-based prospective cohort on 4 years thanks to the French Health Reimbursement Agency database (Système National d'Information Inter-Régimes de l'Assurance Maladie, SNIIRAM) and French hospital discharge database (Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information; PMSI). A unique civil registration number has been assigned to all French residents and this number unambiguously links those two databases.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults men, age greater 18 years,
• Affiliation to French Health System,
• Diagnosis of prostate cancer
• At least one dispensation (leading to a reimbursement claim) in a 1.5 year period of an androgen-deprivation therapy or a hospitalization for orchiectomy.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Orchiectomy for another reason that prostate cancer.
• Patients treated with both Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone agonists and bilateral orchiectomy will be excluded from analyses.

Using the French Health Reimbursement Agency database and French hospital discharge database, the investigators will identify all men with prostate cancer who had either, at least one dispensation in a 1.5-year period of an androgen-deprivation therapy or a hospitalization for orchiectomy. The French Health Insurance System covers the entire French population (65.3 million inhabitants in 2012).