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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Swiss National Science Foundation | OTHER |
| Jacobs Foundation | UNKNOWN |
| Stiftung Mercator Schweiz | UNKNOWN |
| Ernst Göhner Stiftung |
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ZEPPELIN (Zurich Equity Prevention Project with Parents Participation and Integration) is a longitudinal, randomized controlled intervention study. The main objective is to examine the effectiveness of the early intervention program "Parents As Teachers" (PAT) in psychosocially disadvantaged families. This includes four aims:
The preschool years represent a critical time period, with major developmental milestones in cognitive, linguistic, motoric, and emotional areas. Families tend to manage this sensitive phase in different ways, which results in an uneven distribution of educational opportunities at school entry. However, prior evidence shows that these disparities can be reduced by means of evidence-based programs in early childhood care and education (ECCE). The main focus is on the prevention of learning and behavioral disorders; for small children, this occurs by means of strengthening parenting skills.
ZEPPELIN (Zurich Equity Prevention Project with Parents Participation and Integration) is a longitudinal, randomized controlled intervention study. The main objective is to examine the of the early intervention program "Parents As Teachers" (PAT) in psychosocially disadvantaged families. This includes four aims:
Families were recruited in the suburbs of Zurich, Switzerland, shortly before or after giving birth. Baseline measurements were conducted at 3 months postnatal (t0), before participants were assigned to either the intervention group (IG, receiving the early intervention program PAT) or control group (CG) condition, using a stratified block randomization. Follow-up data was collected at three measurement time points around the first, second and third birthday of the children (t1, t2, t3).
Further follow-up measurements will be conducted in 2017 (t4; in the 1st year of kindergarten), 2018 (t5; in the 2nd year of kindergarten), 2019 (t6; after school transition), and in 2021 (t7; in the 3rd year of primary school). This will allow us to investigate medium-term and long-term effects of early developmental conditions.
ZEPPELIN 0-3 is the first ECCE program in Switzerland that specifically targets and recruits at risk families from birth on. Families then participate in an experimental field study including a longitudinal control group comparison. As such, ZEPPELIN fills an important gap in the current literature.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parents As Teachers (PAT) | Experimental | c.f. intervention |
|
| control group condition | No Intervention | Families in the control group condition did not receive the home visiting program PAT, but were informed about support services in their community. The use of these services was permitted for ethical reasons; however, parents were regularly asked about the nature and intensity of the retrieved services. Additionally, all parents received incentives, such as greeting cards, small birthday presents, and monetary reimbursements. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parents As Teachers (PAT) | Other | A trained PAT parent educator (pediatric nurses in this study) visits families at their homes, approximately two times a month (individual frequencies may vary depending on specific risk factors) until the children are three years old. PAT is an educational home visitation program that aims to a) help parents to understand child developmental aspects and improve their parenting skills, b) detect developmental shortcomings, c) prevent child abuse and neglect, and d) enhance school preparedness. Additionally, the project offers monthly group meetings. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Child development assessed with the Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID III) | Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID III) | up to 3 years |
| Child development assessed with the Snijders-Oomen nonverbal intelligence test (SON-R) | Snijders-Oomen nonverbal intelligence test (SON-R) | up to 7 years |
| Child development assessed with the Developmental Observation Scales (EBD 48-72) | German Developmental Observation Scales for child care centers (EBD 48-72) | up to 1 year |
| Language skills assessed with the Language Evaluation Short form SBE-2-KT; SBE-3-KT) | Language evaluation short form (SBE-2-KT; SBE-3-KT) | up to 3 years |
| Mathematical skills assessed with the TEDI-MATH test | Mathematical skills (TEDI-MATH) | up to 5 years |
| Language skills assessed with the German test "Linguistically Competent" | "Linguistically Competent" | up to 5 years |
| Child Health assessed with the Health questionnaire | Health questionnaire | up to 9 years |
| Child Behavior assessed with the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Risk and protective factors assessed with the Heidelberg Stress Scale (HBS) | Heidelberg Stress Scale (HBS) | up to 8 years |
| Risk and protective factors assessed with the German version of the Parenting-Stress-Index (EBI) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Chronic biological stress assessed with nail cortisol concentrations (NCC) | Nail cortisol concentrations (NCC) | up to 6 years |
| Chronic biological stress assessed with methylation in the FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) gene |
Inclusion Criteria:
Risk factors: core fields
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Alex Neuhauser, lic. phil. | University of Applied Sciences of Special Needs Education | Principal Investigator |
| Andrea Lanfranchi, Prof. Dr. | University of Applied Sciences of Special Needs Education | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Applied Sciences of Special Needs Education | Zurich | 8050 | Switzerland |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Lanfranchi A, Neuhauser A. ZEPPELIN 0-3: Theoretische Grundlagen, Konzept und Implementation des frühkindlichen Förderprogramms "PAT -Mit Eltern Lernen". Frühe Bildung 2(1): 3-11, 2013. | ||
| Background | Neuhauser, A. A closer look at the effectiveness of early childhood education in at-risk families. Mental Health and Prevention 2(3-4): 43-57, 2014. | ||
| Background | Lanfranchi A, Neuhauser A. ZEPPELIN 0-3 - Förderung ab Geburt mit "PAT - Mit Eltern lernen". Sonderpädagogische Förderung heute, 56 (4): 437 - 442, 2011. | ||
| Background | Lanfranchi A, Sindbert R. Das Förderprogramm PAT-Mit Eltern Lernen - Eltern-Kind-Konzepte auf den Punkt gebracht. Frühförderung interdisziplinär, 32(2), 108-112, 2013. | ||
| Background | Templer F, Lanfranchi A, Neuhauser A. ZEPPELIN 0-3: Frühe Förderung ab Geburt mit dem Programm | ||
| Background | Lanfranchi A. Frühkindliche selektive Prävention bei Kindern aus Familien in Risikosituationen - Stigmatisierungsgefahren und Entwicklungschancen. Familiendynamik, 39(3), 188-199, 2014. | ||
| Background | Lanfranchi A, Sempert W. Wirkung frühkindlicher Betreuung auf den Schulerfolg Follow-up der Nationalfonds-Studie "Schulerfolg von Migrationskindern". Bern: Edition SZH, 2012. |
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After summer 2017 at the Swiss Centre of Expertise in the Social Sciences (FORS)
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| UNKNOWN |
| Paul Schiller Stiftung | UNKNOWN |
| Vontobel-Stiftung | UNKNOWN |
| Lotteriefonds des Kantons Zürich | UNKNOWN |
| Bundesamt für Migration (BFM) | UNKNOWN |
| Schweizerische UNESCO-Kommission | UNKNOWN |
| University of Zurich | OTHER |
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|
Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) |
| up to 6 years |
| Child Behavior assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) | Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) | up to 5 years |
| Parent-child interaction assessed with the Child-Adult-Relationship-Experimental Index (CARE-Index) | Child-Adult-Relationship-Experimental Index (CARE-Index) | up to 4 years |
| Parent-child interaction assessed with the Emotional Availability (EA) Scales | Emotional Availability (EA) Scales | up to 3 years |
| Home environment assessed with the Home Observation Measurement of the Environment (HOME) | Home Observation Measurement of the Environment (HOME) | up to 7 years |
German version of the Parenting-Stress-Index (EBI)
| up to 3 years |
| Social network assessed with the Social Network Scales | Social Network Scales | up to 10 years |
| Parental self-efficacy assessed with the Self-Efficacy in Infant Care Scale (SICS) | Self-Efficacy in Infant Care Scale (SICS) | up to 4 years |
| Parental self-efficacy assessed with the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) | Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) | up to 3 years |
| Parental depressivity assessed with the subscale of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) | Depressive symptoms (subscale BSI) | up to 6 years |
| Educational attitudes assessed with the German test Educational Attitudes Scale (EMKK) | German "Educational Attitudes Scale" (EMKK) | up to 4 years |
| Parenting assessed with the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) | Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) | up to 3 years |
Methylation in the FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) gene
| up to 6 years |
| Self-control assessed with the Watch-and-Wait Task | Watch-and-Wait Task | up to 7 years |
| Dental health assessed with a Dental examination | Dental examination | up to 6 years |
| Chronic biological stress assessed with methylation in the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1) gene | methylation in the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1) gene | up to 6 years |
| Background | Lanfranchi A. Familienergänzende Betreuung. In M. Stamm & D. Edelmann (Eds.), Frühkindliche Bildung, Betreuung und Erziehung: Was kann die Schweiz lernen? (S. 97-121). Bern: Haupt, 2010. |
| Background | Lanfranchi A, Burgener Woeffray A. Familien in Risikosituationen durch frühkindliche Bildung erreichen. In M. Stamm & D. Edelmann (Eds.), Handbuch Frühkindliche Bildungsforschung (S. 603-616). Wiesbaden: VS/ Springer, 2013. |
| Result | Neuhauser A, Ramseier E, Schaub S, Burkhardt SCA, Templer F, Lanfranchi A. Hard to reach families - a methodological approach for early detection, recruitment, and randomization in an intervention study. Mental Health and Prevention, 3, 79-88, 2015. |
| Result | Neuhauser A. Predictors of maternal sensitivity in at-risk families. Early Child Development and Care (in press), 2016. |