Neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is a dramatic perinatal complication due to brain asphyxia. Neurological and neurosensory sequelae are frequent in survivors, due to neuronal damage and loss.

Currently, only total or partial body hypothermia can partially prevent cell loss. However, no treatment exists to restore neuronal functions.

Cord blood stem cells are a promising treatment for the near future.

The primary objective of this study is to test the safety and feasibility of a curative treatment with autologous cord blood stem cell in neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.

The secondary objectives are to test the efficacy of this curative treatment with cell with neurogenic potential on the prevention of neurologic sequelae, as well as to test the optimum timing of cell preparation administration

Inclusion Criteria:

Term ≥ 36 weeks of gestation

• and (2) :
• a blood pH < 7 with base deficit > 12 mmol/l (at birth or within 60 minutes of age)
• or a blood pH between 7,01 and 7,15, with additionnal criteria:
• a history of acute perinatal event (e.g : abnormal fetal cardiac rate, cord prolapse, uterine rupture, maternal hemorrhage)
• and a 5 minutes Apgar score ≤ 5, or a continued need for resuscitation, including endotracheal or mask ventilation at 5 min after birth.
• signs of encephalopathy within 12 hours of age (Sarnat and Sarnat classification, score ≥ 2)
• ± abnormal electroencephalogram or aEEG within 12 hours of age
• therapeutic hypothermia.
• no maternal infection with VIH, HTLV 1 or 2, Hepatitis B or C virus.
• maternal negative serology for syphilis
• written parental consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• presence of known chromosomal anomaly.
• presence of major congenital anomalies. severe intrauterine growth restriction (weight <1800g)
• infants in extremis for whom no additional intensive therapy will be offered by attending neonatologist.