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The purpose of this pilot project is to pilot-test a combined cannabis and smoking cessation treatment. The intervention combines mobile technology with behavioral strategies, counseling, and medications.
Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States with 19.8 million current users. Population based data indicate that almost all cannabis users (90%) have a lifetime history of tobacco smoking and the majority (74%) currently smoke tobacco. While cannabis use alone is associated with significant adverse health effects, tobacco smoking is the number one preventable cause of illness and death in the U.S. This is true even among those using illicit drugs where the tobacco -related mortality rate is twice that of the general population. Among cannabis users, smoking tobacco is associated with increased frequency of marijuana use, increased morbidity, and poorer cannabis cessation outcomes. There is strong evidence for the short -term efficacy for cannabis use disorder (CUD) and smoking of contingency management (CM). It is an intensive behavioral therapy that provides incentives (vouchers, money) to individuals misusing substances contingent upon objective evidence from drug use. Implementation of CM has been limited because of the need to verify abstinence multiple times daily using clinic based monitoring and effects are short lived. The investigators recently developed a smart -phone application which allows a patient to video themselves several times daily while using a small CO monitor and to transmit the data to a secure server which has made the use of CM for outpatient smoking cessation portable and feasible. The mobile CM (mCM) approach paired with cognitive-behavioral counseling and pharmacological smoking cessation aids has been effective in reducing smoking in the short and long-term. The purpose of this pilot project is to pilot-test a combined cannabis and smoking mCM intervention. The pilot will allow the investigators to examine feasibility of the treatment and of planned recruitment strategies. These project aims will provide the first step toward implementation of an innovative approach that builds upon the power of mHealth technology to reduce the prevalence of both CUD and cigarette smoking.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment | Experimental | Cognitive-behavioral counseling for marijuana and smoking cessation, mobile contingency management for marijuana and smoking cessation, transdermal nicotine patch (7-21 mg over six weeks), nicotine polacrilex or nicotine lozenge (4 mg administered as needed over six weeks), bupropion (150 mg once per day for 7 days, then 150 mg twice per day for about six months. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bupropion | Drug | Prescribed one week prior to quit and continued until the 6 month follow-up visit. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Who Self-report Prolonged Abstinence From Smoking | Participants self-report smoking behavior since smoking quit date. Prolonged abstinence is defined as sustained abstinence since two weeks post-initial smoking quit date. | 6 month follow up |
| Number of Participants Who Report Smoking Abstinence and Abstinence is Bioverified by Salivary Cotinine | Self-reported abstinence (primary outcome) will be verified by cotinine assay. Saliva samples will be collected from participants who self-report prolonged abstinence. | 6 month follow up |
| Number of Participants Who Self-report Prolonged Abstinence From Marijuana Use | Participants self-report marijuana use since marijuana quit date. Prolonged abstinence is defined as sustained abstinence since two weeks post-initial quit date. | 6 month follow up |
| Number of Participants Who Report Marijuana Abstinence and Abstinence is Bioverified by Oral Fluid | Self-reported abstinence (primary outcome) will be verified by oral fluid (OF) cannabis assessment. Oral fluid samples will be collected from participants who self-report prolonged abstinence. | 6 month follow up |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Who Self-report 7 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Smoking | 7-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no smoking in the prior 7 days. | 6 month follow up |
| Number of Participants Who Self-report 7 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Marijuana |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jean C Beckham, Ph.D. | Study Principal Investigator | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duke University Medical Center | Durham | North Carolina | 27706 | United States |
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Seven participants signed consent. Two of these participants were withdrawn by the principal investigator after signing consent because they did not meet study eligibility criteria.
Study recruitment occurred between August 2016 to May 2017. Participants were recruited from community settings and Craigslist.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Treatment | Cognitive-behavioral counseling for marijuana and smoking cessation, mobile contingency management for marijuana and smoking cessation, transdermal nicotine patch (7-21 mg over six weeks), nicotine polacrilex or nicotine lozenge (4 mg administered as needed over six weeks), bupropion (150 mg once per day for 7 days, then 150 mg twice per day for about six months. bupropion: Prescribed one week prior to quit and continued until the 6 month follow-up visit. transdermal nicotine patch: Initiated at smoking quit date; 7 mg to 21 mg patch depending on amount smoked by participant Nicotine polacrilex: Initiated at smoking quit date. nicotine lozenge: Initiated at smoking quit date. counseling for marijuana and smoking cessation: 5 sessions of cognitive-behavioral counseling designed to facilitate marijuana and smoking cessation and promote relapse prevention mobile contingency management: treatment that provides money rewards for abstinence from smoking and marijuana |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Treatment | Cognitive-behavioral counseling for marijuana and smoking cessation, mobile contingency management for marijuana and smoking cessation, transdermal nicotine patch (7-21 mg over six weeks), nicotine polacrilex or nicotine lozenge (4 mg administered as needed over six weeks), bupropion (150 mg once per day for 7 days, then 150 mg twice per day for about six months. bupropion: Prescribed one week prior to quit and continued until the 6 month follow-up visit. transdermal nicotine patch: Initiated at smoking quit date; 7 mg to 21 mg patch depending on amount smoked by participant Nicotine polacrilex: Initiated at smoking quit date. nicotine lozenge: Initiated at smoking quit date. counseling for marijuana and smoking cessation: 5 sessions of cognitive-behavioral counseling designed to facilitate marijuana and smoking cessation and promote relapse prevention mobile contingency management: treatment that provides money rewards for abstinence from smoking and marijuana |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Number of Participants Who Self-report Prolonged Abstinence From Smoking | Participants self-report smoking behavior since smoking quit date. Prolonged abstinence is defined as sustained abstinence since two weeks post-initial smoking quit date. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 6 month follow up |
|
Adverse events were collected for approximately seven months, from informed consent signature to 6-month follow-up (which occurred 6 months after substance cessation date).
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Treatment | Cognitive-behavioral counseling for marijuana and smoking cessation, mobile contingency management for marijuana and smoking cessation, transdermal nicotine patch (7-21 mg over six weeks), nicotine polacrilex or nicotine lozenge (4 mg administered as needed over six weeks), bupropion (150 mg once per day for 7 days, then 150 mg twice per day for about six months. bupropion: Prescribed one week prior to quit and continued until the 6 month follow-up visit. transdermal nicotine patch: Initiated at smoking quit date; 7 mg to 21 mg patch depending on amount smoked by participant Nicotine polacrilex: Initiated at smoking quit date. nicotine lozenge: Initiated at smoking quit date. counseling for marijuana and smoking cessation: 5 sessions of cognitive-behavioral counseling designed to facilitate marijuana and smoking cessation and promote relapse prevention mobile contingency management: treatment that provides money rewards for abstinence from smoking and marijuana |
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| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nausea with bupropion use | Gastrointestinal disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angela Kirby | Duke University Medical Center | 919-286-0411 | 5526 | angela.kirby@duke.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP_ICF | Yes | Yes | Yes | Study Protocol, Statistical Analysis Plan, and Informed Consent Form | Jan 26, 2017 | Mar 8, 2018 | Prot_SAP_ICF_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073865 | Cigarette Smoking |
| D002189 | Marijuana Abuse |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073869 | Tobacco Smoking |
| D012907 | Smoking |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D064424 | Tobacco Use |
| D019966 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016642 | Bupropion |
| D061485 | Tobacco Use Cessation Devices |
| D000074164 | Nicotine Chewing Gum |
| D003376 | Counseling |
| C587251 | nabiximols |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011427 | Propiophenones |
| D007659 | Ketones |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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| transdermal nicotine patch | Drug | Initiated at smoking quit date; 7 mg to 21 mg patch depending on amount smoked by participant |
|
| Nicotine polacrilex | Drug | Initiated at smoking quit date. |
|
|
| nicotine lozenge | Drug | Initiated at smoking quit date. |
|
| counseling for marijuana and smoking cessation | Behavioral | 5 sessions of cognitive-behavioral counseling designed to facilitate marijuana and smoking cessation and promote relapse prevention |
|
| mobile contingency management | Behavioral | treatment that provides money rewards for abstinence from smoking and marijuana |
|
7-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no marijuana use in the prior 7 days. |
| 6 month follow up |
| Number of Participants Who Report 30 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Marijuana | 30-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no marijuana use in the prior 30 days. | 6 month follow up |
| Number of Participants Who Report 30 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Smoking | 30-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no smoking in the prior 30 days. | 6 month follow up |
| Number of Participants Who Report 7 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Smoking | 7-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no smoking in the prior 7 days. | 3 month follow up |
| Number of Participants Who Report 7 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Marijuana | 7-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no marijuana use in the prior 7 days. | 3 month follow up |
| Number of Participants Who Report Smoking Abstinence and Abstinence is Bioverified by Salivary Cotinine | Self-reported abstinence (primary outcome) will be verified by cotinine assay. Saliva samples will be collected from participants who self-report prolonged abstinence. | 3 month follow up |
| Number of Participants Who Report Marijuana Abstinence and Abstinence is Bioverified by Salivary Cotinine | Self-reported abstinence (primary outcome) will be verified by oral fluid (OF) cannabis assessment. Oral fluid samples will be collected from participants who self-report prolonged abstinence. | 3 month follow up |
| Change From Baseline in Number of Days Per Week of Cannabis Use | Participants will self-report amount of marijuana used in past week; this will be compared to self-reported amount smoked per week prior to quit date. | baseline, 6 month follow up |
| Proportional Change in Days of Cannabis Use From Pre-quit to 6 Month Follow-up (Entire Group) | Participants will self-report number of days marijuana used in the past 30 days and this will be compared for the entire group to self-reported number of days of use in 30 days prior to quit. The proportion will be calculated by totaling baseline days used and pretreatment days used, and then dividing baseline days used by pretreatment days used. | 30 days prior to quit date, 6 month follow up |
| Change in Number of Cigarettes Smoked Per Week Compared to Pre-quit | Self-reported number of cigarettes smoked each day in past 7 days; this will be compared to self-reported amount smoked in week prior to quit date | 7 days prior to quit date, 6 month follow up |
| Proportional Change in Days Smoked From Pre-quit to 6-month Follow up (for Entire Group) | Participants will self-report number of days smoked in the past 30 days and this will be compared (for the entire group) to self-reported number of days smoked in 30 days prior to quit. The proportion will be calculated by totaling baseline days used and pretreatment days used, and then dividing baseline days used by pretreatment days used. | 30 days prior to quit date, 6 month follow up |
| Percentage of Missing Mobile Contingency Management Video Recordings | Participants upload video recordings of abstinence verification as part of contingency management treatment. Percentage of missed videos (compared to expected videos) will be assessed as a measure of feasibility of the contingency management intervention | 3 month follow up |
| Number of Missed Behavioral Counseling Sessions | Participants attend telephone counseling sessions. Number of missed sessions for the total group will be assessed as a measure of acceptability of the behavioral counseling | 3 month follow up |
| Number of Voluntary Withdrawals From the Project | The number of participants who withdraw from the study will be evaluated as a measure of treatment feasibility and acceptability | Evaluated at 6 month follow-up |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
|
|
| Primary | Number of Participants Who Report Smoking Abstinence and Abstinence is Bioverified by Salivary Cotinine | Self-reported abstinence (primary outcome) will be verified by cotinine assay. Saliva samples will be collected from participants who self-report prolonged abstinence. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 6 month follow up |
|
|
|
| Primary | Number of Participants Who Self-report Prolonged Abstinence From Marijuana Use | Participants self-report marijuana use since marijuana quit date. Prolonged abstinence is defined as sustained abstinence since two weeks post-initial quit date. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 6 month follow up |
|
|
|
| Primary | Number of Participants Who Report Marijuana Abstinence and Abstinence is Bioverified by Oral Fluid | Self-reported abstinence (primary outcome) will be verified by oral fluid (OF) cannabis assessment. Oral fluid samples will be collected from participants who self-report prolonged abstinence. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 6 month follow up |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Self-report 7 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Smoking | 7-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no smoking in the prior 7 days. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 6 month follow up |
|
|
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| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Self-report 7 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Marijuana | 7-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no marijuana use in the prior 7 days. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 6 month follow up |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Report 30 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Marijuana | 30-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no marijuana use in the prior 30 days. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 6 month follow up |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Report 30 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Smoking | 30-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no smoking in the prior 30 days. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 6 month follow up |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Report 7 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Smoking | 7-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no smoking in the prior 7 days. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 3 month follow up |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Report 7 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Marijuana | 7-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no marijuana use in the prior 7 days. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 3 month follow up |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Report Smoking Abstinence and Abstinence is Bioverified by Salivary Cotinine | Self-reported abstinence (primary outcome) will be verified by cotinine assay. Saliva samples will be collected from participants who self-report prolonged abstinence. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 3 month follow up |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Report Marijuana Abstinence and Abstinence is Bioverified by Salivary Cotinine | Self-reported abstinence (primary outcome) will be verified by oral fluid (OF) cannabis assessment. Oral fluid samples will be collected from participants who self-report prolonged abstinence. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 3 month follow up |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change From Baseline in Number of Days Per Week of Cannabis Use | Participants will self-report amount of marijuana used in past week; this will be compared to self-reported amount smoked per week prior to quit date. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | days per week of marijuana use | baseline, 6 month follow up |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Proportional Change in Days of Cannabis Use From Pre-quit to 6 Month Follow-up (Entire Group) | Participants will self-report number of days marijuana used in the past 30 days and this will be compared for the entire group to self-reported number of days of use in 30 days prior to quit. The proportion will be calculated by totaling baseline days used and pretreatment days used, and then dividing baseline days used by pretreatment days used. | Posted | Number | percentage of pre-quit use | 30 days prior to quit date, 6 month follow up |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Number of Cigarettes Smoked Per Week Compared to Pre-quit | Self-reported number of cigarettes smoked each day in past 7 days; this will be compared to self-reported amount smoked in week prior to quit date | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | number of cigarettes per wk | 7 days prior to quit date, 6 month follow up |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Proportional Change in Days Smoked From Pre-quit to 6-month Follow up (for Entire Group) | Participants will self-report number of days smoked in the past 30 days and this will be compared (for the entire group) to self-reported number of days smoked in 30 days prior to quit. The proportion will be calculated by totaling baseline days used and pretreatment days used, and then dividing baseline days used by pretreatment days used. | Posted | Number | percentage of pre-quit use | 30 days prior to quit date, 6 month follow up |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Percentage of Missing Mobile Contingency Management Video Recordings | Participants upload video recordings of abstinence verification as part of contingency management treatment. Percentage of missed videos (compared to expected videos) will be assessed as a measure of feasibility of the contingency management intervention | Posted | Number | percent missed video recordings | 3 month follow up |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Missed Behavioral Counseling Sessions | Participants attend telephone counseling sessions. Number of missed sessions for the total group will be assessed as a measure of acceptability of the behavioral counseling | Posted | Number | missed counseling sessions | 3 month follow up |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Voluntary Withdrawals From the Project | The number of participants who withdraw from the study will be evaluated as a measure of treatment feasibility and acceptability | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Evaluated at 6 month follow-up |
|
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|
| 0 |
| 5 |
| 0 |
| 5 |
| 1 |
| 5 |
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| Substance-Related Disorders |
| D064419 | Chemically-Induced Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D002638 |
| Chewing Gum |
| D053149 | Plant Gums |
| D001704 | Biopolymers |
| D011108 | Polymers |
| D046911 | Macromolecular Substances |
| D011134 | Polysaccharides |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
| D002182 | Candy |
| D005502 | Food |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |
| D008605 | Mental Health Services |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
| D003153 | Community Health Services |
| D006296 | Health Services |
| D005159 | Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services |