A point-of-care laboratory (POC) was set at North Hospital, Marseille, France for the diagnosis in less than two hours of tonsillitis caused by known pathogens, close to the reception of Emergency service. In this instance 30% of patients have no etiological diagnosis after the POC tonsillitis tests . This lab has discovered over 200 new species of bacteria in humans, including vector bacteria and opened the field of large Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA ) viruses. Also, the laboratory of emerging viruses discovered many Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) viruses transmitted by arthropods. Based on this collection of new pathogens described in POC laboratory, this study proposes to expand the etiological diagnosis strategy of tonsillitis after POC tests.

The objective of this study is to implement a new diagnosis strategy relying on the hypothesis that a second pharyngeal swab would improve the etiological diagnosis of tonsillitis of at least 5%.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient admitted at hospital for tonsillitis requiring, for the emergency physician, a microbiological examination with a "POC tonsillitis kit."
• Patient who has freely signed the informed written consent
• Patient affiliated to a social security scheme

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant woman, parturient or nursing
• Adult patient under guardianship
• Patient deprived of liberty under court order
• Patient refusing or unable to sign the informed consent form.