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The purpose of this 18-month project is to investigate how decision-making influences food choice and consumption in children ages 7 to 11 years old. Although several studies suggest that the ability to make good decisions relates to eating behaviors, no studies have looked at how food reward influences the decision-making process to impact actual food intake. This proposal will answer these questions and bridge this gap in knowledge, which could lead to the development of more effective interventions for childhood obesity. To accomplish this, the investigators have assembled a diverse team with expertise in food intake, nutrition, and decision sciences. First, the investigators will establish if there are differences in decision-making between children varying in weight status. Second, the investigators will determine if performance on behavioral decision-making tasks relates to food consumption in the laboratory. Third, the investigators will examine response functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response to various rewards (i.e. food and money) and determine if this is influenced by child weight status. Fourth, the investigators will examine differences in fMRI BOLD at rest in decision-making regions are correlated with food intake and weight status. Eighty-two children will participate in our study. The long-term goal of this project is to investigate if there are differences in brain regions corresponding to these behaviors in overweight children and if these differences relate to eating behaviors in this population. Children will undergo fMRI while playing a reward task as well as consume meals in our laboratory. Decision-making will also be assessed by having children complete various behavioral measurements of reward and inhibitory control.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response to various reward types (food, money, no reward). | Regions of interest BOLD analysis of an fMRI card-guessing task for various reward types | Collected at fMRI scan at week 4 |
| Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response at rest (resting-state fMRI) | Regions of interest BOLD analysis of resting-state fMRI to examine differences in brain regions of interest at rest | Collected at fMRI scan at week 4 |
| Behavioral inhibitory control task | Measured by performance on a go/nogo task | Collected at either week 1-3 (randomized) |
| Behavioral reward inhibitory control task | Measured by performance on a go/nogo task with a reward incentive | Collected after the behavioral inhibitory control task (same visit), which is either week 1-3 (randomized) |
| Behavioral risk-taking and reward task | Measured by performance on the hungry donkey task | Collected at either week 1-3 (randomized) |
| Behavioral dietary self-control assessment | Measured by performance on a dietary self-control task | Collected at either week 1-3 (randomized) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Energy intake at baseline | Measured at an objective laboratory test-meal (kcal and grams) | Collected at either week 1-3 (randomized) |
| Energy intake at a buffet meal | Measured at an objective laboratory test-meal (kcal and grams) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Liking of foods | Ratings of how much the child likes each food in the meal on a visual analog scale | Collected after each meal at multiple time points during weeks 1-4 |
| Fullness feelings | Ratings of how full the child feels measured on a child-friendly visual analog scale |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Children aged 7-11 years old.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Shana Adise, B.S. | The Pennsylvania State University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Pennsylvania State University | University Park | Pennsylvania | 16802 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34324909 | Derived | Adise S, White CN, Roberts NJ, Geier CF, Keller KL. Children's inhibitory control abilities in the presence of rewards are related to weight status and eating in the absence of hunger. Appetite. 2021 Dec 1;167:105610. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105610. Epub 2021 Jul 26. | |
| 29890186 | Derived | Adise S, Geier CF, Roberts NJ, White CN, Keller KL. Is brain response to food rewards related to overeating? A test of the reward surfeit model of overeating in children. Appetite. 2018 Sep 1;128:167-179. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.06.014. Epub 2018 Jun 8. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D063766 | Pediatric Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
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| Collected at either week 1-3 (randomized) |
| Energy intake after a meal preload | Measured at an objective laboratory test-meal (kcal and grams) | Collected at either week 1-3 (randomized) following the baseline meal |
| Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response to various reward types (food, money, no reward). | Whole brain BOLD analysis of an fMRI card-guessing task for various reward types | Collected at week 4 |
| Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response at baseline | Whole brain BOLD analysis of an fMRI card-guessing task for various reward types | Collected at week 4 |
| Collected at multiple time points during weeks 1-4 |
| Pubertal Development | Child report of pubertal status questionnaire | Collected at week 1 |
| Height | Height in cm measured by stadiometer | Collected at week 1 |
| Weight | Weight in kg measured by a standard digital scale | Collected at week 1 |
| Body fat percentage | Assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis scale | Collected at week 1 |
| Body mass index | Calculated from height, age, sex | Collected at week 1 |
| BMI percentile | Calculated from height, weight, age and sex - according to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) standards | Collected at week 1 |
| BMI z-score | Calculated from height, weight, age and sex - according to CDC standards | Collected at week 1 |
| Fat mass index | Calculated from height, weight, age, sex | Collected at week 1 |
| Fat-free mass index | Calculated from height, weight, age, sex | Collected at week 1 |
| Appetitive traits | Parent-reported questionnaire of habitual eating styles in children | Collected at week 1 |
| Parental feeding strategies | Parent-reported questionnaire of feeding practices | Collected at week 1 |
| Family demographics | Parent-report questionnaire | Collected at week 1 |
| Loss of control eating | Loss of control when eating is frequently reported in middle childhood. Loss of control when eating was assessed via interview-style questionnaire to determine pre-clinical binge-like eating behaviors that may influence the primary outcome of energy intake at the 4 conditions of test-meals. | Collected at week 4 |
| Inhibitory control and reward sensitivity questionnaires | Parent and child report of inhibitory control and reward sensitivity on a questionnaire | Collected on either week 1-3 (randomized) |
| Age | Age of participant | Collected at the week 1 |
| Sex | sex of participant | collected at week 1 |
| Parent height | height in cm of parent measured by a stadiometer | collected at week 1 |
| Parent weight | weight in kg of parent measured by a standard digital scale | collected at week 1 |
| parent body fat | measured by bioelectrical impedance | collected at week 1 |
| Puberty Assessment Parental Report | Parent report of pubertal status questionnaire | Collected at week 1 |
| D009750 |
| Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |