High Protein Breakfast on Postprandial Glycemia in T2D (PBD)

Effect of High Protein Breakfast on Overall Postprandial Glycemia in Type 2 Diabetes

The investigators hypothesis is that eating whey protein in breakfast will reduce overall postprandial glycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

It was shown that increasing protein at breakfast results in reduced overall postprandial glycemia in obese individuals This study was undertaken to evaluate whether compared to proteins like tuna, eggs and soy, the intake of whey protein in the breakfast is more effective to reduce overall postprandial glycemia (PPHG) in T2D individuals.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Participants: from 30 to 72 years of age
2. BMI: 26 to 34 kg/m2)
3. Diabetes criteria
4. HbA1C: 7-9 % or
5. Habitually eat breakfast
6. Only naïve or treated with metformin.
7. Not dieting and no change in body weight >10 lb = 4.5 kg within the last 3 months
8. Normal liver, kidney and thyroid function.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Type 1 Diabetes
2. Anemia (Hg > 10 g/dL)
3. Serum creatinine level < 1.5 mg/dl
4. Pulmonary disease, psychiatric, immunological, neoplastic diseases or severe diabetic complications, such as cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, gastroparesis or underwent bariatric surgery.
5. Abnormal liver function tests defined as an increase by a factor of at least 2 above the upper normal limit of alanine aminotransferase and/or aspartate
6. Infectious disease
7. Pregnant women or lactating
8. Known hypersensitivity to milk components
9. Documented or suspected history (within one year) of illicit drug abuse or alcoholism.