ABSTRACT

Epigenetic mechanisms may be involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammatory markers may therefore contribute to the cardiovascular risk profile, as well as environmental factors have a significant impact on the epigenetic program of gene expression. Methyl groups are usually added or removed as needed and can be influenced by diet soon, dietary factors have been linked to the change of DNA methylation, resulting in changes in gene expression. Research on the prevalence of gene methylation levels on the impact of nutrient intake, as well as the inflammatory condition and the results of dietary interventions for the genes, it is a sparse area in studies and, therefore, expanding of the knowledge. Thus, understanding the effects of a diet rich in antioxidants and hazelnut oil, in inflammation and DNA methylation profile is important because chronic diseases with cardiovascular disease can begin with the consumption of modified lipids and can research this stage provide important dietary allowances for the development of this disease prevention strategies even in adulthood. This PhD project is linked to a larger project entitled "II Diagnosis Cycle and Intervention Food Situation, Nutrition and Noncommunicable Diseases Prevalent over the City Population of João Pessoa / PB" (II DISANDNT / PB) and have two methodological designs: the first one is the composition of a representative sample of adults in the city of João Pessoa, from II DISANDNT / JP, population-based study and cross-sectional. The second methodological design was developed with a subsample of the above population, selected from criteria being the type and interventional clinical trial. This model will have to evaluate the effect of a diet rich in antioxidant and hazelnut oil, in inflammation and gene expression.

This thesis is linked to a population-based survey entitled "Diagnosis II Cycle and Intervention Food Situation, Nutrition and Noncommunicable Diseases Prevalent over the city of João Pessoa Population / PB" (II DISANDNT / PB).

For realization of this thesis, a first population-based study, representative of adults in the east areas and west of the city of João Pessoa, there was the calculation of a representative sample for the age group of adults, using information provided by the city, as map the municipality, the number of blocks per district and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics.

Home visits and implementation of the survey questionnaires were carried out by teams of undergraduate researchers from the Nutrition courses, masters and doctoral students of the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences (PPGCN) UFPB duly previously trained at the beginning of data collection after the pilot study and following.

The trained teams, after recognizing the drawn court, were instructed to select all households in the court. The blocks that did not have homes, the homes in which those responsible have not accepted to participate and the amount of individuals who refused to participate in randomly selected households were computed and resorteadas randomly thereafter to minimize losses.

In each residence drawn all individuals, adults aged between 20-59 years were invited to participate in the research through application of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics questionnaires, epidemiological characterization, nutritional assessment and food intake, biochemical evaluation and brands epigenetic.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Individuals adults, aged 20 and 59 years;
• Being female;
• Individuals who have hypermethylation in ADRB3 gene;
• cognitive state preserved.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Individuals drinkers or smokers;

  • Take medications known to interfere with the metabolism of folic acid (the last 3 months);
  • Individuals who make use of fish oil supplement or other fatty acids;
  • Pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the study period.

The data of the participants are in the excel database