The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether autologous stem cell transplantation will improve the survival of patients with high-risk Waldenström macroglobulinemia, compared with conventional chemotherapy.

WM patients with partial response after introduction chemotherapy will be recommended to adopt autologous stem cell transplantation or receive conventional chemotherapy (dependent on patient's choices). After transplantation or conventional chemotherapy, maintenance therapy with rituximab or thalidomide plus prednisone will be given for less than two years.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. 70 years>=Aged >=18 years
2. diagnosed with high-risk LPL/WM according to the ISSWM criteria
3. untreated or mild treated without standard regimens
4. suitable for ASCT
5. with life-expectancy more than 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. diagnosed with other malignancies outside B-NHL within one year(including active center neural system lymphoma)
2. transformed lymphoma
3. liver or renal function lesion unrelated to lymphoma
4. serious complications such as uncontrolled diabetes, gastric ulcer or other serious angiocardiopathy determined by the physician
5. HIV positive or active HBV infection or other uncontrolled systematic infection
6. clinical central nervous dysfunction
7. serious surgery within 30 days
8. pregnancy or baby nursing period or un-contracepted child-bearing period woman; 9. allergy to the trail drugs.

dependent on the local law