Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue measurements will be made from CT scans. One transverse CT image of the inferior surface of L3 will be assessed by an independent assessor to calculate the visceral fat area to subcutaneous fat ratio (VFA/SFA ratio). This measurement will only be collected if the CT scan is according to standard of care and the method is described in a separate imaging manual. Additional CT scans will not be performed for this Registry.

Imaging is critical to select the biopsy technique and for disease diagnosis. Follow-up imaging also plays an important role in monitoring disease status. Imaging data will be collected to serve as a data repository, so that images may be more easily retrieved later if necessary.

Imaging data

• Image type (e.g. MRI, CT, PET, etc.)
• Date taken
• Name of institution storing image

The EQ-5D-3L descriptive system comprises the following five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 3 levels: no problems, some problems, and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. This decision results into a 1-digit number that expresses the level selected for that dimension. The digits for the five dimensions can be combined into a 5-digit number that describes the patient's health state.

The EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale where the endpoints are labelled 'Best imaginable health state' and 'Worst imaginable health state'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflects the patient's own judgement.

Details about the ability of the patient to walk, cause of ambulation loss, use of an assistive device, and timing will be collected.

10 meter walk test (10 MWT) If the patient is able to ambulate without physical assistance (i.e. without help of a person), ambulation will be assessed by the 10MWT (walking aids are allowed). The 10MWT evaluates the time required to walk 10 meters. Patients should walk 10 meters with 2 meters for acceleration and deceleration. The patient will be timed from when the patient's toes of the leading foot cross the 2 meter line to when the patient's toes of the leading foot cross the 8 meter line. The test should be performed three times and the results will be averaged. The patient should be instructed to perform the test at a comfortable walking pace.

The Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA©) sets the standard of and is the preeminent interdisciplinary patient assessment (weight, intake, symptoms, functional status, disease state, metabolic stress and nutritional physical examination) in oncology and other chronic catabolic conditions.

The Scored PG-SGA© includes the four patient-generated historical components ('Weight History', 'Food Intake', 'Symptoms' and 'Activities and Function'), the professional part (Diagnosis, Age, Metabolic stress, and Physical Exam), the Global Assessment (A = well nourished, B = moderately malnourished or suspected malnutrition, C = severely malnourished), the total numerical score, and nutritional triage recommendations. Subsequently, the Scored PG-SGA© allows for triaging of specific nutrition interventions, as well as facilitating quantitative outcomes data collection.

This assessment is available in a variety of languages and as a metric as well as a non-metric version.

• related to surgery Intra- and postoperative complication data will be recorded for all surgically treated patients during the standard of care scheduled follow-up visits. Complications will be assessed by evaluating the patient's medical files from the time treatment was initiated until the day of follow-up. The Spine AdVerse Events Severity system, version 2 (SAVES V2) AE abstraction tool will be used to record the morbidity data.
• related to radiation and/or systemic oncologic therapy

For patients treated with RT and/or systemic oncologic therapy, complications and severity grade related to the treatment will be recorded during the standard of care scheduled follow-up visits according to a predefined list:

The predefined list and severity grading system are according to the National Cancer Institute Guidelines.

At every FU visit, each patient, regardless of which stage they are at in their treatment, will be evaluated for local disease control. Presence or absence of local control and distant metastases should be confirmed through imaging. The timing of the assessment will be performed in accordance with local standard of care scheduled FU visits.

FU visits will be scheduled and performed according to the local standard of care and at each scheduled visit the patient's survival will be documented. In case a patient misses a scheduled visit it will be assessed if the patient is still alive.

Since there is a spectrum of different treatment options and combinations for patients with a metastatic spine tumor, detailed information about the three main treatment options (surgery, radiation, and systemic oncologic therapy) for the index target will be collected. The treatment intent, including administration (primary, neo-adjuvant, and adjuvant) will also be collected.

Information on the status of the primary cancer as well as on ongoing treatment of the primary cancer will be collected at baseline and at follow-up.

The Pain NRS is an 11-point scale where the end points are the extremes of no pain (0 points), or worst imaginable pain (10 points). It measures subjective intensity of pain and the patient rates his/her overall or average daily pain.

This is a new HRQOL outcome tool which was developed specifically for metastatic spine tumor. It is currently available in English and Hungarian. It contains 20 items representing all four domains of the International Classification of Function and Disability. Additionally there are seven follow-up questions referring to treatment satisfaction. It is made up of five domains: physical function, neural function, pain, mental health and social function. It was developed as a comparison to the SF-36 for patients with spine tumors.

The ECOG developed a scale from 0 to 5 to assess the patient's disease progression and how the disease affects the patient's daily living abilities (9). The lower the score the better the status of the patient, being 0 fully active and 5 dead.

The Spine Oncology Study Group developed and validated a 6-point grading system to describe the degree of epidural spinal cord compression based on axial T2-weighted MR images at the site of most severe compression. This assessment can be used to help guide treatment and can serve as a classification scheme.

The SOSG developed and validated a classification system to assist clinicians in defining tumor-related instability. It is assessed by adding together six individual component scores: spine location, pain, lesion bone quality, radiographic alignment, vertebral body collapse, and posterolateral involvement of the spinal elements. SINS has demonstrated clinically acceptable reliability among surgeons, radiation oncologists, and radiologists. The total SINS score can range from a score of 0 to 18. The total score has been divided into three categories of stability: stability (score of 0-6), indeterminate instability (score of 7-12), and instability (score of 13-18). Surgical consultation is recommended for patients with SINS scores ≥ 7. SINS will be assessed at baseline and/or prior to first prospective treatment. The most severe lesion within the index target should be assessed.