Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder characterized by recurrent painful crises with ischemia resulting from vascular occlusion. Adults with SCD have increased arterial stiffness and reduced flow-mediated dilation (FMD), due to impaired release of substances such as nitric oxide.

The present study assess the vascular properties of carotid and brachial arteries in children with SCD compared with a control group without cardiovascular risk factors.

Inclusion Criteria:

Sickle cell group :

• Children with sickle cell syndrome (SS or SC)
• Children hospitalized in the hematology unit (day hospital)
• The girls set must have had a negative pregnancy test.
• One of the two holders of parental authority must have signed consent form
• Children affiliated to a social security scheme or equivalent

Control group : Children recruited in a previous study :

• Holders of parental authority affiliated to a social security scheme
• Children recruited during the balance of a heart murmur or a vasovagal reaction
• Children whose cardiological examination is normal
• Children having no cardiovascular risk factor

Exclusion Criteria:

Sickle cell group :

• Children with intercurrent diseases such as obesity, intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR), hypertension, renal failure, infectious diseases (including HIV, Hepatitis C) or chronic inflammatory
• Children who have sickle cell crisis there is less than 1 month.

Control group :

Children with intercurrent diseases: obesity, IUGR, hypertension, renal failure, infectious diseases (including HIV, Hepatitis C) or chronic inflammatory