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The aim of present study is to investigate any relationship between hyperlipidemia and periodontal disease regarding the periodontal parameters and plasma lipid parameters, along with age, gender, brushing habit, body mass index, dietary habit, physical activity, alcohol consumption.
In this cross sectional study, a total of 160 individuals were divided into two groups based on their metabolic status: hyperlipidemic group (n=97) and normolipidemic group (n=63). Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) clinical parameters and community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) scores were measured. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels had been determined previously during individuals routine systemic examinations. Daily brushing habits and interdental cleaning together with dietary habits, alcohol consumption and physical activity levels were also recorded.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| HP+ | Subjects with plasma Triglyceride or Total cholesterol levels > 200 mg/dl and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels > 130 mg/dl were included in the hyperlipidemic group and having periodontitis which were further evaluated for clinical periodontal parameters as well as to define the effects of the patient's habits on plasma lipid levels. |
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| HP- | Subjects with plasma Triglyceride or Total cholesterol levels > 200 mg/dl and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels > 130 mg/dl were included in the hyperlipidemic group and do not have periodontitis which were further evaluated for clinical periodontal parameters as well as to define the effects of the patient's habits on plasma lipid levels. |
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| NP+ | Subjects with plasma Triglyceride or Total cholesterol levels < 200 mg/dl and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels < 130 mg/dl were included in the normolipidemic group and having periodontitis which were further evaluated for clinical periodontal parameters as well as to define the effects of the patient's habits on plasma lipid levels. |
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| NP- | Subjects with plasma Triglyceride or Total cholesterol levels < 200 mg/dl and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels < 130 mg/dl were included in the normolipidemic group and do not have periodontitis which were further evaluated for clinical periodontal parameters as well as to define the effects of the patient's habits on plasma lipid levels. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No intervention was applied | Other | No intervention was applied |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Triglyceride (TG) | Subjects with plasma TG or TC levels > 200 mg/dl and LDL-C levels > 130 mg/dl were included in the hyperlipidemic group, while the normolipidemic group comprised of patients with plasma TG or TC levels below the aforementioned limits | day 0 |
| Total cholesterol (TC) | Subjects with plasma TG or TC levels > 200 mg/dl and LDL-C levels > 130 mg/dl were included in the hyperlipidemic group, while the normolipidemic group comprised of patients with plasma TG or TC levels below the aforementioned limits | day 0 |
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Subjects with plasma TG or TC levels > 200 mg/dl and LDL-C levels > 130 mg/dl were included in the hyperlipidemic group, while the normolipidemic group comprised of patients with plasma TG or TC levels below the aforementioned limits | day 0 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Plaque index | The measurement of the state of oral hygiene based on recording dental plaque accumulation | day 0 |
| Gingival index | An assessment level of gingival health and inflammation |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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A total of 240 subjects were examined among patients who attended to the Department of Periodontology, Marmara University or the Turkish Heart Foundation and had their plasma lipid values determined within the last 3 months. Out of 240, 160 subjects (57 male, 103 female, age range 35-65 years) eligible for this study were selected.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Gülin Tulu Katı, PhD | Periodontist in Private Practice., Istanbul, Turkey. (E-mail: gulintulu@gmail.com) | Principal Investigator |
| Ülkü Noyan, Prof. Dr. | Periodontist in Private Practice., Istanbul, Turkey. (E-mail: noyanulku@yahoo.com) | Study Chair |
| Bahar Kuru, Prof. Dr. | Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey. (E-mail: baharkuru@gmail.com) | Study Chair |
| Leyla Kuru, Prof. Dr. | Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey. (E-mail: lkuru@marmara.edu.tr) | Study Director |
| Ömer Birkan Ağralı, PhD | Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey. (omer.agrali@marmara.edu.tr) | Study Chair |
| Hatice Selin Yıldırım, PhD | Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey. (Email: yildirimselin@hotmail.com) | Study Chair |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006949 | Hyperlipidemias |
| D010510 | Periodontal Diseases |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050171 | Dyslipidemias |
| D052439 | Lipid Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| day 0 |
| Bleeding on probing | A sign of gingival inflammation were assessed on the buccal, lingual, mesial and distal sites of each tooth | day 0 |
| Probing depth | The distance from the gingival margin to bottom of the pocket with using 0.5 mm diameter periodontal probe at mesiobuccal, midbuccal, distobuccal, distolingual, midlingual and mesiolingual sites of each tooth | day 0 |
| Clinical attachment level | The distance between the cemento-enamel junction and bottom of the pocket | day 0 |
| Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs score | These scores are used to represent healthy periodontium, bleeding after probing, dental calculus detected by probing, 4-5 mm deep pockets and deep pockets ≥ 6 mm, respectively. | day 0 |
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |