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This is a randomised controlled trial which will compare the Quadratus Lumborum (QL) Block with the Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block in terms of analgesic efficacy, ease of performance and safety when administered postoperatively in patients who undergo laparoscopic nephrectomy.
To fulfill this purpose, three groups of patients each with 32 patients, will be formed. Patients in the Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) group and Quadratus Lumborum (QL) group will each receive the respective blocks with 0.4 ml/kg of 0.25% Bupivacaine, after completion of surgery. The third (Control group) will not receive any blocks. After shifting patients to recovery all three groups will be put into intravenous patient controlled analgesia (PCA) Morphine as rescue analgesic regimen as per a set protocol. Morphine consumption over the first postoperative 24 hours, ease of performance of individual blocks and associated adverse events, adverse events associated with opioid use, patient recovery and satisfaction will be noted.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transversus Abdominis Plane group | Experimental |
| |
| Quadratus Lumborum group | Experimental |
| |
| Control group | No Intervention |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block | Other | 0.5 ml/kg of 0.25 % Bupivacaine deposited in the transversus abdominis plane under ultrasound guidance postoperatively |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cumulative morphine consumption in 24 hours in milligrams | within the first 24 hours after surgery |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain scores at rest and on movement as measured by numeric rating scale (0 to 10) | within the first 24 hours after surgery | |
| Time to first demand of rescue analgesic in hours | within the first 24 hours after surgery |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Patients with any of the following:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research | Chandigarh | 160012 | India |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9389858 | Background | Alexander JI. Pain after laparoscopy. Br J Anaesth. 1997 Sep;79(3):369-78. doi: 10.1093/bja/79.3.369. No abstract available. | |
| 11207398 | Background | Bisgaard T, Klarskov B, Rosenberg J, Kehlet H. Characteristics and prediction of early pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Pain. 2001 Feb 15;90(3):261-269. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00406-1. |
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| Quadratus Lumborum (QL) Block | Other | 0.5 ml/kg of 0.25 % Bupivacaine deposited in the anterolateral aspect of the quadratus lumborum muscle under ultrasound guidance postoperatively |
|
| Ease of performing the respective blocks (assessed by time required to perform the blocks in minutes and number of attempts required to perform the blocks) | while performing block |
| Incidence of block related complications | within the first 24 hours after surgery |
| Incidence of adverse effects related to opioid use (derrived from incidence of nausea and vomiting, sedation and respiratory depression) | within the first 24 hours after surgery |
| Patient satisfaction as measured by numeric rating scale (0 to 10) | 24 hours after surgery |
| 26493289 | Background | Sjovall S, Kokki M, Kokki H. Laparoscopic surgery: a narrative review of pharmacotherapy in pain management. Drugs. 2015 Nov;75(16):1867-89. doi: 10.1007/s40265-015-0482-y. |
| 21911110 | Background | Gorevski E, Wead S, Tevar A, Succop P, Volek P, Martin-Boone J. Retrospective evaluation of donor pain and pain management after laprascopic nephrectomy. Transplant Proc. 2011 Sep;43(7):2487-91. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.06.038. |
| 18428988 | Background | Rozen WM, Tran TM, Ashton MW, Barrington MJ, Ivanusic JJ, Taylor GI. Refining the course of the thoracolumbar nerves: a new understanding of the innervation of the anterior abdominal wall. Clin Anat. 2008 May;21(4):325-33. doi: 10.1002/ca.20621. |
| 23150820 | Background | Mathuram Thiyagarajan U, Bagul A, Nicholson ML. Pain management in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: a review. Pain Res Treat. 2012;2012:201852. doi: 10.1155/2012/201852. Epub 2012 Oct 23. |
| 17961838 | Background | McDonnell JG, O'Donnell BD, Farrell T, Gough N, Tuite D, Power C, Laffey JG. Transversus abdominis plane block: a cadaveric and radiological evaluation. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007 Sep-Oct;32(5):399-404. doi: 10.1016/j.rapm.2007.03.011. |
| 19624629 | Background | Barrington MJ, Ivanusic JJ, Rozen WM, Hebbard P. Spread of injectate after ultrasound-guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane block: a cadaveric study. Anaesthesia. 2009 Jul;64(7):745-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.05933.x. |
| 19059922 | Background | Tran TM, Ivanusic JJ, Hebbard P, Barrington MJ. Determination of spread of injectate after ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block: a cadaveric study. Br J Anaesth. 2009 Jan;102(1):123-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/aen344. |
| 20514952 | Background | Lee TH, Barrington MJ, Tran TM, Wong D, Hebbard PD. Comparison of extent of sensory block following posterior and subcostal approaches to ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2010 May;38(3):452-60. doi: 10.1177/0310057X1003800307. |
| 24445643 | Result | De Oliveira GS Jr, Castro-Alves LJ, Nader A, Kendall MC, McCarthy RJ. Transversus abdominis plane block to ameliorate postoperative pain outcomes after laparoscopic surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Anesth Analg. 2014 Feb;118(2):454-463. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000066. |
| 21851346 | Result | Carney J, Finnerty O, Rauf J, Bergin D, Laffey JG, Mc Donnell JG. Studies on the spread of local anaesthetic solution in transversus abdominis plane blocks. Anaesthesia. 2011 Nov;66(11):1023-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06855.x. Epub 2011 Aug 18. |
| 26225500 | Result | Blanco R, Ansari T, Girgis E. Quadratus lumborum block for postoperative pain after caesarean section: A randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015 Nov;32(11):812-8. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000299. |
| 22902793 | Result | Hosgood SA, Thiyagarajan UM, Nicholson HF, Jeyapalan I, Nicholson ML. Randomized clinical trial of transversus abdominis plane block versus placebo control in live-donor nephrectomy. Transplantation. 2012 Sep 15;94(5):520-5. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e31825c1697. |
| 26397443 | Result | Baeriswyl M, Kirkham KR, Kern C, Albrecht E. The Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Adult Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Anesth Analg. 2015 Dec;121(6):1640-54. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000967. |
| 23927552 | Result | Visoiu M, Yakovleva N. Continuous postoperative analgesia via quadratus lumborum block - an alternative to transversus abdominis plane block. Paediatr Anaesth. 2013 Oct;23(10):959-61. doi: 10.1111/pan.12240. Epub 2013 Aug 9. |
| 24249997 | Result | Kadam VR. Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block as a postoperative analgesic technique for laparotomy. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Oct;29(4):550-2. doi: 10.4103/0970-9185.119148. |
| 25487690 | Result | Carvalho R, Segura E, Loureiro MD, Assuncao JP. [Quadratus lumborum block in chronic pain after abdominal hernia repair: case report]. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2017 Jan-Feb;67(1):107-109. doi: 10.1016/j.bjan.2014.08.001. Epub 2014 Dec 6. Portuguese. |
| 25642956 | Result | Chakraborty A, Goswami J, Patro V. Ultrasound-guided continuous quadratus lumborum block for postoperative analgesia in a pediatric patient. A A Case Rep. 2015 Feb 1;4(3):34-6. doi: 10.1213/XAA.0000000000000090. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003766 | Dental Occlusion |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003813 | Dentistry |
| D009063 | Dental Physiological Phenomena |
| D055688 | Digestive System and Oral Physiological Phenomena |
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