Pain Perception: Lidocaine Rate/Temp/Buffer

The Impact of Anesthetic Injection Rate, Temperature and Buffering on Pain Perception During Dermatologic Procedures: a Multicenter, Single-blinded Randomized Control Trial

This study will collect data from multiple academic institutions. The primary objective for part A of this study is to determine the impact of anesthetic injection rate and temperature on pain perception during dermatologic procedures, and the objective for the part B of this study is to determine if buffering of the anesthetic solution alters pain perception.

This study is a pilot study designed to determine feasibility of these procedures.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subjects who are undergoing dermatologic procedures.
• Subjects ages 18-89 year old.
• The subjects have the willingness and the ability to understand and provide informed consent and communicate with the investigator.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Subjects who are allergic to lidocaine.
• History of bleeding tendency or coagulopathy.
• Pregnant or lactating.
• Active skin disease or skin infection in the treatment area.
• Unable to understand the protocol or give informed consent.
• Any other condition, in the professional opinion of the investigator, that would potentially affect response or participation in the clinical study, or would pose as an unacceptable risk to the subject.