This is a diagnostic efficacy study to evaluate a set of biomarkers in human breath indicative of an acute malaria infection. The investigators plan to enroll 75 malaria patients and 175 febrile non-malaria patients in Ethiopia.

Upon enrollment, blood for malaria RDT, microscopy and PCR will be collected as well as a breath sample to assess the presence of biomarkers at a reference center. Malaria patients identified by microscopy are revisited at day 2 and 7 to collect a further samples. G6PD testing will be performed concurrently to identify prevalent G6PD variants.

Malaria cohort

• Age ≥5 years of age
• Malaria microscopy and / or Malaria RDT confirmed malaria infection
• Fever (axillary temperature ≥37.5⁰C) or history of fever in preceding 48 hours
• Written informed consent Febrile controls
• Age ≥5 years of age
• Fever (axillary temperature ≥37.5⁰C) or history of fever in preceding 48 hours
• Absence of a malaria episode confirmed by malaria microscopy
• Written informed consent

Any participant above the age of 5 years fulfilling the inclusion criteria and attending the study hospital is eligible to participate in the study.