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In this double blind clinical trial, 1000 patients suffering from diabetic macular edema, age-related macular degeneration, neovascularization due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy and cystoid macular edema secondary to retinal vascular occlusions are included. Those with the history of Ocular pain prior to the procedure, any contraindication for Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection (IVI), history of any kind of anterior segment conditions that could affect pain sensation, history of using systemic analgesic or sedative medications, history of previous eye surgery other than for cataract, glaucoma, uveitis and bullous keratopathy and poor cooperation in using the visual analogue scale (VAS) are excluded from the study. Before starting the treatment all patients undergo complete ophthalmic exam , best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) checking and macular thickness measurements using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Patients are randomly assigned to each group .Each participant receive one injection in one eye in this study. Pain is measured by subjective grading on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) immediately after IVI. BCVA and OCT would be checked again at month one.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Injection Anti-VEGF in quadrant 1 | Active Comparator | Each participant receive one injection Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) in one eye in the quadrant 1 |
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| Injection Anti-VEGF in quadrant 2 | Active Comparator | Each participant receive one injection Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) in one eye in the quadrant 2 |
|
| InjectionAnti-VEGF in quadrant 3 | Active Comparator | Each participant receive one injection Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) in one eye in the quadrant 3 |
|
| InjectionAnti-VEGF in quadrant 4 | Active Comparator | Each participant receive one injection Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) in one eye in the quadrant 4 |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-VEGF in quadrant 1 | Drug |
| ||
| Anti-VEGF in quadrant 2 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain | Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | immediately after Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) | using Snellen chart | preoperative and 1 month postoperatively. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Islamic Republic of Iran | Tehran | Iran |
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| Drug |
|
| Anti-VEGF in quadrant 3 | Drug |
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| Anti-VEGF in quadrant 4 | Drug |
|