Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound for Evaluation of Reflux Nephropathy

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound for Evaluation of Reflux Nephropathy

The study will be evaluating the efficacy and safety of a contrast drug in pediatric renal ultrasound.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Informed consent
• Age more than or equal to 8 years
• Patient with history of urinary tract infection (UTI) and history of Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) for vesicoureteral reflux
• Candidate for Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan or scan for renal scar
• Demonstration of renal scarring by DMSA scan or renal ultrasound without contrast

Includes healthy volunteers

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age less than 8years
• Allergy to contrast or related products
• Cardiac shunt/ congenital heart anomalies
• Abnormal baseline ECG
• Open heart surgery
• Evidence of retinopathy
• Patient in intensive care
• Unable to comply with study requirement
• History of emphysema
• Unable to maintain oxygen saturation of 92% on at room air
• Pregnancy and lactation