The trial was withdrawn due to problems with the manufacture of the investigational drug.

This is a Phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate the tolerability of a combination therapy of SyB C-1101 (rigosertib sodium) and Azacytidine and to determine the recommended dose of SyB C-1101for Phase 2 trial in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome.

Inclusion criteria

Patients satisfying all the following criteria will be included:

1. Histologically or cytologically diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) according to World Health Organization (WHO) Classification or French-American-British (FAB) Classification. As for patients with refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB-t), however, the peripheral blood white blood cell count is ≤ 25,000 /mm3 or the state of disease was stabilized for at least 4 weeks without treatment.

2. Recognized as Intermediate-1, intermediate-2 or High according to International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS).

3. ≥4 weeks without treatment or the effect of previous treatment (antitumor effect) is considered to be discontinued after the end of previous therapy for MDS (including using erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, ESA) or other treatment with expectation of antitumor effect.

4. Life expectancy is ≥3 months.

5. ≥20 years of age (at the time of acquiring consent).

6. Have score of 0 to 2 in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS).

7. With adequate function in major organs (heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, etc.).

   • Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)(GOT): ≤3.0 times the upper boundary of the reference range at each institution
   • Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)(GPT): ≤3.0 times the upper boundary of the reference range at each institution
   • Total bilirubin: ≤1.5 times the upper boundary of the reference range at each institution
   • Serum creatinine: ≤1.5 times the upper boundary of the reference range at each institution
   • ECG: no abnormal findings requiring treatment
   • Echocardiography: no abnormal findings requiring treatment

8. Voluntarily sign the written informed consent form to participate in this study.

Exclusion criteria

Patients satisfying any of the following criteria will be excluded:

1. With anemia (haemolytic anaemia, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, etc.) caused by factors other than MDS.
2. With history or a complication of active malignant tumor (with the exception of target disease) within the past 1 year (basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of skin; or primary squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix or non-invasive breast cancer allows to be registered).
3. Has received administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) within 14 days before the examination for case registration.
4. With an obvious infectious disease (including viral infections).
5. With a serious complication (liver failure, renal failure, etc.).
6. With a complication of serious heart disease (myocardial infarction, symptomatic ischemic heart disease, unstable angina, etc.). With history of arrhythmia within 2 years before registration or arrhythmia that requires treatment.
7. With a serious gastrointestinal condition (severe or significant nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, etc.)
8. Has tested positive for HBsAg or HIV antibody.
9. With serious bleeding tendencies (disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), internal hemorrhage, etc.).
10. With accumulation of pleural effusion/ascites that requires treatment such as paracentesis and ect.
11. With hyponatremia (serum sodium is <130 mEq/L).
12. Has undergone treatment of adrenocortical hormone (corresponding to >10 mg/24 hr of prednisolone conversion) for >2 weeks within 4 weeks before starting with administration of the study drug.
13. Has undergone treatment of another investigational product or received chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy that was under a clinical trial stage within 3 months before the case registration .
14. Has not recovered from a surgery accompanying general anesthesia or received a surgery accompanying general anesthesia within 3 weeks before the case registration.
15. With not properly controlled hypertension (systolic pressure ≧160 mmHg or diastolic pressure ≧110 mmHg).
16. With not properly controlled epileptic seizure or with onset of epileptic seizure within 3 months before the case registration.
17. Has undergone treatment with SyB 1101 in the past.
18. With history of allergic reaction to polyethylene glycol,gelatin capsule or azacytidine.
19. Difficult to participate in the study treatment due to psychiatric disorder, social condition, ect.
20. With drug intoxication, narcotic addiction or alcohol dependency.
21. Is pregnant, nursing or possibly pregnant.
22. Is positive for pregnancy test (female patients) in the examination before the case registration.
23. Not provided consent to the following contraceptive measures. Patients should avoid sexual intercourse with sexual partners or should use the contraceptive methods as described below in the following time periods: for male patients before case registration until 6 months after the end of administration of the study drug; for female patients with menstruation before case registration until the second menstrual period is confirmed after the end of administration; for menopausal women before case registration until 2 months after the end of administration.

(1) Male patients Must always use a condom. For effective contraception, it is recommended that contraceptive methods should also be applied by the female sexual partner and patient.

(2) Female patients Must use at least 1 of the following contraceptive methods. AT the same time, the male partner must use a condom.

• Oral contraceptive (birth control pill)
• Contraceptive injection
• Contraceptive patch
• Intrauterine device (IUD)
• Tubal ligation 24. Disqualified as a subject of study treatment judged by the principal investigator or investigator.