The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ASP1517 in peritoneal dialysis chronic kidney disease patients with anemia.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Female subject must either:

Be of non-childbearing potential:

• post-menopausal (defined as at least 1 year without any menses) prior to Screening, or

• documented surgically sterile Or, if of childbearing potential,

• Agree not to try to become pregnant during the study and for 28 days after the final study drug administration

• And have a negative pregnancy test at Screening

• And, if heterosexually active, agree to consistently use two forms of highly effective form of birth control (at least one of which must be a barrier method) starting at Screening and throughout the study period and continued for 28 days after the final study drug administration.

  • Female subject must agree not to breastfeed starting at Screening and throughout the study period, and continued for 28 days after the final study drug administration.
  • Female subject must not donate ova starting at Screening and throughout the study period, and continued for 28 days after the final study drug administration.
  • Male subject and their female spouse/partners who are of childbearing potential must be using two forms of highly effective form of birth control (at least one of which must be a barrier method) starting at Screening and continue throughout the study period, and for 12 weeks after the final study drug administration
  • Male subject must not donate sperm starting at Screening and throughout the study period and, for 12 weeks after the final study drug administration
  • Subjects who have not received Erythropoieses Stimulating Agents (ESAs):

• Subjects who have been receiving peritoneal dialysis for more than 4 weeks before the screening assessment

• Subjects who have never received ESAs after starting peritoneal dialysis, or subjects who have not received ESAs within 6 weeks before the screening assessment.

• Mean of the subject's two most recent Hb values before randomization during the Screening Period must be <10.5 g/dL with an absolute difference ≤1.3 g/dL between the two values

• Either transferrin saturation (TSAT) ≥ 5% or serum ferritin ≥ 30 ng/mL during the screening period

  • Subjects who have been receiving ESAs:

• Subjects with renal anemia who have been receiving ESA within the doses approved in Japan for more than 8 weeks after starting peritoneal dialysis, before the screening assessment

• Mean of the subject's two most recent Hb values before randomization during the Screening Period must be ≥10.0 g/dL and ≤12.0 g/dL

• TSAT ≥ 20% or serum ferritin ≥ 100 ng/mL during the screening period

Exclusion Criteria:

• Subjects who had trouble with continuing peritoneal dialysis due to peritonitis, development of catheter trouble (e.g. tunnel infection) within 4 weeks before the screening assessment
• Concurrent retinal neovascular lesion requiring treatment and macular edema requiring treatment
• Concurrent autoimmune disease with inflammation that could impact erythropoiesis
• History of gastric/intestinal resection considered influential on the absorption of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract (excluding resection of gastric or colon polyps) or concurrent gastro-paresis
• Uncontrolled hypertension
• Concurrent congestive heart failure (NYHA Class III or higher)
• History of hospitalization for treatment of stroke, myocardial infarction, or pulmonary embolism within 12 weeks before the screening assessment
• Positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody at the screening assessment, or positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a past test
• Concurrent other form of anemia than renal anemia
• Having received treatment with protein anabolic hormone, testosterone enanthate, or mepitiostane within 6 weeks before the screening assessment
• Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, or Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) that is greater than the criteria below, or previous or concurrent another serious liver disease at screening assessment
• Previous or current malignant tumor (no recurrence for at least 5 years is eligible.)
• Having undergone blood transfusion and/or a surgical procedure considered to promote anemia (excluding shunt reconstruction surgery for access to the blood) within 4 weeks before the screening assessment
• Having undergone a kidney transplantation
• Having a previous history of treatment with ASP1517
• History of serious drug allergy including anaphylactic shock
• Participation in another clinical study or post-marketing clinical study (including that of a medical device) within 12 weeks before informed consent acquisition

Access to anonymized individual participant level data collected during the study, in addition to study-related supporting documentation, is planned for studies conducted with approved product indications and formulations, as well as products terminated during development. Studies conducted with product indications or formulations that remain active in development are assessed after study completion to determine if Individual Participant Data can be shared. Further details on Astellas' data sharing policy can be found at https://www.clinicaltrials.astellas.com/transparency/.

Access to participant level data is offered to researchers after publication of the primary manuscript (if applicable) and is available as long as Astellas has legal authority to provide the data.

Researchers must submit a proposal to conduct a scientifically relevant analysis of the study data. The research proposal is reviewed by an Independent Research Panel. If the proposal is approved, access to the study data is provided in a secure data sharing environment after receipt of a signed Data Sharing Agreement.