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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Mayo Clinic | OTHER |
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This is a clinical research protocol to determine the feasibility of assessing lead levels in hunters who use lead projectiles. This study will determine if it is possible to perform an interventional double-blind placebo-controlled study of lead levels in hunters using lead or lead-free projectiles following consumption of self-harvested wild game. The hypothesis for the subsequent study is that minute lead particles from shrapnel dispersed through the animal during harvest are ingested and result in increased lead serum levels. This current observational study establishes if this conclusive interventional study is possible through establishing if hunters using lead projectiles in New Zealand have elevated lead levels after eating animals harvested with lead projectiles. This study will be conducted in compliance with the protocol, Good Clinical Practice Standards, associated regulations and institutional research requirements.
This study aims to assess if hunters eating meat shot with lead projectiles experience elevated lead levels. Hunters will be asked to provide blood samples 2-4 days after they eat meat harvested with lead bullets and provide a subsequent sample when they have abstained from eating wild game harvested with lead bullets. We have chosen to use deer as the species for this study to reduce variation and New Zealand is the ideal place to conduct this study because of year-round hunting of deer. This design will allows paired testing of subject lead levels.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eating lead-shot wild game | Hunters that have eaten lead-shot in the past week will have blood lead levels measured. |
| |
| Not eating lead-shot wild game | Hunters that have not eaten lead-shot in the past week will have blood lead levels measured. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eating wild game shot with lead bullets | Behavioral | Participants will eat meat harvested with lead bullets, prepare mince meat and eat at least a standard serving (>85 grams). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Lead levels | A paired t-test will be conducted comparing lead levels in participants when eating wild game harvested with lead projectiles and when participants have not eaten wild game harvested with lead projectiles. | Within one year, after participants have eaten a meal (>85grams) of lead-shot meat |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Complete blood cell counts | Paired-t tests comparing data from the complete blood count will be performed | Within one year, after participants have eaten a meal (>85grams) of lead-shot meat |
| Correlation between lead levels and complete blood cell counts |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Smoker
Any type of kidney dysfunction
Individuals working in the following industries that may entail lead exposure:
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Hunters eating self-harvested wild game with lead bullets.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matt Peacey, PhD | Contact | +64 3 546 9175 | Matt.Peacey@nmit.ac.nz |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Eric J Buenz, PhD | Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology | Principal Investigator |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26797078 | Background | Buenz EJ. Lead Exposure Through Eating Wild Game. Am J Med. 2016 May;129(5):457-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.12.022. Epub 2016 Jan 18. No abstract available. | |
| 27456932 | Background | Buenz EJ. Eliminating potential lead exposure in imported New Zealand wild game. Public Health. 2016 Oct;139:236-237. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.06.025. Epub 2016 Jul 22. No abstract available. |
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| At close of study, within one year |
| Correlation between lead bullet mass and blood lead levels | At close of study, within one year |
| 27344321 | Background | Buenz EJ, Parry GJ, Peacey M. Consumption of wild-harvested meat from New Zealand feral animals provides a unique opportunity to study the health effects of lead exposure in hunters. Ambio. 2016 Sep;45(5):629-31. doi: 10.1007/s13280-016-0798-1. Epub 2016 Jun 25. No abstract available. |
| 27272923 | Background | Buenz EJ. Non-lead ammunition may reduce lead levels in wild game. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Aug;23(15):15773. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7020-7. Epub 2016 Jun 8. No abstract available. |
| 29740629 | Derived | Buenz EJ, Parry GJ, Bauer BA, Matheny LM, Breukel K. A prospective observational study assessing the feasibility of measuring blood lead levels in New Zealand hunters eating meat harvested with lead projectiles. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2017 Feb 8;5:137-143. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2017.02.002. eCollection 2017 Mar. |